Background

Dambudziko remagetsi raita kuti lithium-ion battery energy storage systems (ESS) ishandiswe zvakanyanya mumakore mashoma adarika, asi kwavewo netsaona dzakawanda dzine njodzi dzinokonzera kukuvadzwa kwezvivakwa uye nharaunda, kurasikirwa kwehupfumi, uye kunyange kurasikirwa. hupenyu. Ongororo yakawana kuti kunyangwe ESS yakasangana nezviyero zvine chekuita nebhatiri masisitimu, senge UL 9540 uye UL 9540A, kushungurudzwa kwemafuta nemoto zvakaitika. Naizvozvo, kudzidza zvidzidzo kubva kuzviitiko zvakapfuura uye kuongorora njodzi uye nhanho dzadzo dzichabatsira kusimudzira tekinoroji yeESS.

Nyaya dzekuongorora

Izvi zvinotevera muchidimbu nyaya dzetsaona dzehukuru-hukuru ESS kutenderera pasirese kubva 2019 kusvika parizvino, idzo dzakataurwa pachena.

Zvikonzero zvetsaona dziri pamusoro zvinogona kupfupikiswa sezviviri zvinotevera:

1) Kukundikana kwesero remukati kunokonzera kupisa kushandiswa kwebhatiri uye module, uye pakupedzisira kunoita kuti ESS yose ibate moto kana kuputika.

Kukundikana kunokonzerwa nekupisa kushandiswa kwesero kunonyanya kucherechedzwa kuti moto unoteverwa nekuputika. Semuenzaniso, tsaona dzeMcMicken power station muArizona, USA muna 2019 neFengtai power station muBeijing, China muna 2021 zvese zvakaputika mushure memoto. Chiitiko chakadaro chinokonzerwa nekukundikana kwesero imwe chete, iyo inokonzera kushandiswa kwemakemikari emukati, kusunungura kupisa (exothermic reaction), uye kutonhora kunoramba kuchikwira uye kupararira kune masero ari pedyo uye ma modules, zvichikonzera moto kana kunyange kuputika. Iyo yekutadza modhi yesero inowanzo konzerwa nekuwandisa kana kudzora system kutadza, kuratidzwa kwemafuta, yekunze ipfupi dunhu uye yemukati pfupi dunhu (izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa neakasiyana mamiriro senge indentation kana dent, kusvibiswa kwezvinhu, kupinda nezvinhu zvekunze, nezvimwe. )

Mushure mekupisa kwekupisa kwesero, gasi rinopisa rinogadzirwa. Kubva kumusoro unogona kuona kuti zviitiko zvitatu zvekutanga zvekuputika zvine chikonzero chimwe chete, iyo gasi rinopisa harigoni kubudisa panguva. Panguva ino, bhatiri, module uye mudziyo wekufema system inonyanya kukosha. Kazhinji magasi anoburitswa kubva mubhatiri kuburikidza nevharuvhu yekuburitsa, uye kumanikidza kudzorwa kwevharuvhu yekuburitsa kunogona kuderedza kuunganidzwa kwemagasi anopisa. Muchikamu chemodule, kazhinji fan yekunze kana dhizaini yekutonhodza yegoko ichashandiswa kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemagasi anopisa. Chekupedzisira, muchikamu chemidziyo, zvivakwa zvekufefetera uye masisitimu ekutarisa anodiwawo kubudisa magasi anopisa.

2) ESS kukundikana kunokonzerwa nekunze kwekubatsira system kukundikana

Kukundikana kweESS kwese kunokonzerwa nekutadza kwekubatsira system kunowanzoitika kunze kwebhatiri system uye kunogona kukonzera kupisa kana kusvuta kubva kune zvekunze. Uye kana sisitimu yakatariswa uye nekuipindura nenguva, haitungamiri mukutadza kwesero kana kushungurudzwa kwemafuta. Mune tsaona dzeVistra Moss Landing Power station Phase 1 2021 uye Phase 2 2022, utsi nemoto zvakaburitswa nekuti kutadza kwekutarisa uye magetsi akatadza-akachengeteka michina yakadzimwa panguva iyoyo panguva yekutumwa uye haina kukwanisa kupindura nenguva. . Rudzi urwu rwekupisa kwemurazvo kazhinji runotanga kubva kunze kwebhatiri system isati yapararira kusvika mukati mesero, saka hapana mhirizhonga exothermic reaction uye kuunganidza gasi rinopisa, uye saka kazhinji hapana kuputika. Zvakare, kana iyo sprinkler system inogona kuvhurwa nenguva, haizokonzerese kukuvadza kwakawanda kune iyo nzvimbo.

Tsaona yemoto ye "Victorian Power Station" muGeelong, Australia muna 2021 yakakonzerwa nekutenderera kupfupi mubhatiri kwakakonzerwa nekudonha kunotonhorera, izvo zvinotiyeuchidza kutarisisa kuparadzaniswa kwebhatiri system. Inokurudzirwa kuchengetedza imwe nzvimbo pakati pezvivakwa zvekunze uye bhatiri system kudzivirira kupindirana. Iyo bhatiri sisitimu inofanirwa kuve zvakare yakashongedzerwa neyakavharisa basa kudzivirira ekunze pfupi pfupi.

Countermeasures

Kubva pakuongorora kuri pamusoro apa, zviri pachena kuti zvikonzero zve ESS njodzi ndeyekushungurudzwa kwekushisa kwesero uye kukundikana kwegadziriro yekubatsira. Kana kutadza kusingagone kudziviswa, saka kuderedza kuwedzera kuderera mushure mekutadza kwekuvhara kunogonawo kuderedza kurasikirwa. Izvo zvipingamupinyi zvinogona kutariswa kubva pane zvinotevera zvinhu:

Kuvhara kupararira kwekupisa mushure mekupisa kushungurudzwa kwesero

Insulation barriers inogona kuwedzerwa kuti ivhare kupararira kwekupisa kwekupisa kwesero, iyo inogona kuiswa pakati pemasero, pakati pema modules kana pakati pe racks. Mune apendix yeNFPA 855 (Yakajairwa Kuiswa kweStationary Energy Storage Systems), unogona zvakare kuwana zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa. Matanho chaiwo ekuparadzanisa chipingamupinyi anosanganisira kuisa mahwendefa emvura inotonhora, airgel uye zvaanoda pakati pemasero.

Chishandiso chekudzikira moto kune bhatiri system chinogona kuwedzerwa kuitira kuti chiite nekukurumidza kumisa mudziyo wekudzima moto kana kushungurudzwa kwemafuta kuchiitika musero rimwe chete. Iyo chemistry kumashure kwe lithium-ion moto njodzi inotungamirira kune imwe yakasiyana-siyana yekudzima moto dhizaini yesimba rekuchengetedza masisitimu kupfuura yakajairwa yekudzima moto mhinduro, iyo isiri yekudzima moto chete, asiwo kuderedza kutonhora kwebhatiri. Zvikasadaro, exothermic kemikari kuita kwemaseru kucharamba kuchiitika uye kukonzeresa kupisa zvakare.

Kunyanya kutarisirwa kunodiwawo pakusarudza zvinhu zvinodzima moto. Kana mvura ikapfapfaidzwa zvakananga pabhatiri rinopfuta rinogona kuburitsa gasi rinobvira musanganiswa. Uye kana bhatiri casing kana furemu rakagadzirwa nesimbi, mvura haidzivise kupisa kupisa. Zvimwe zviitiko zvinoratidza kuti mvura kana mamwe marudzi ezvinwiwa zvakasangana nemabhatiri zviteshi zvinogonawo kuwedzera moto. Semuenzaniso, mutsaona yemoto yeVistra Moss Landing chiteshi chemagetsi munaGunyana 2021, mishumo yakaratidza kuti mapombi ekutonhodza echiteshi uye majoini epombi akatadza, zvichiita kuti mvura ipfapfaize pamabheti emagetsi uye pakupedzisira kuita kuti mabhatiri aite pfupi kutenderera uye arc.

1.Timely kubuda kwemagasi anopisa

Mishumo yese iri pamusoro inonongedza kuwanda kwegasi rinopisa sechikonzero chikuru chekuputika. Naizvozvo, dhizaini yesaiti uye marongero, yekutarisa gasi uye masystem ekufemesa kwakakosha pakudzikisa njodzi iyi. MuNFPA 855 chiyero panotaurwa kuti inoenderera mberi yekuona gasi system inodiwa. Kana imwe nhanho yegasi rinobvira (kureva 25% yeLFL) yaonekwa, sisitimu inozotanga kupera simba rekufemesa. Uye zvakare, UL 9540A chiyero chekuyedza zvakare inotaura chinodikanwa chekuunganidza kupera uye kuona yakaderera mugasi wegesi LFL.

Mukuwedzera kune venting, kushandiswa kwekuputika kwekuyamura mapaneru kunokurudzirwa zvakare. Zvinotaurwa muNFPA 855 kuti ESSs inofanira kuiswa uye kuchengetedzwa maererano neNFPA 68 (Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting) uye NFPA 69 (Standards on Explosion Protection Systems). Nekudaro, kana sisitimu inoenderana neMoto uye Kuputika Muedzo (UL 9540A kana zvakaenzana), inogona kuregererwa pane ichi chinodiwa. Nekudaro, sezvo mamiriro ekuyedzwa asingamiriri zvizere mamiriro echokwadi, kukwidziridzwa kwemhepo uye kudzivirira kwekuputika kunokurudzirwa.

2.Kutadza kudzivirira kwemaitiro ekubatsira

Kusakwana kwesoftware/firmware programming uye kumisheni/pre-kutanga maitiro zvakabatsirawo kuVictorian Power Station uye Vistra Moss Landing Power Station zviitiko zvemoto. Mumoto weVictorian Power Station, kushungurudzwa kwemafuta kwakatangwa neimwe yemamodule hakuna kuzivikanwa kana kuvharwa, uye moto unotevera hauna kukanganiswa zvakare. Chikonzero chakaita kuti mamiriro ezvinhu aya aitike ndechokuti kutumwa kwakanga kusingadiwi panguva iyoyo, uye hurongwa hwakanga hwakavharwa nemaoko, kusanganisira telemetry system, kuongorora kukanganisa uye magetsi anokundikana-akachengeteka. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo Supervisory Control uye Data Acquisition (SCADA) system zvakare yanga isati yashanda, sezvo zvakatora maawa makumi maviri nemana kutanga kubatanidza michina.

Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti chero mamodule asina basa anofanirwa kuve nemidziyo yakaita seyakashanda telemetry, yekutarisa kukanganisa uye magetsi ekuchengetedza zvishandiso, pane kuvharwa nemaoko kuburikidza nekuvhara-kunze switch. Yese magetsi ekuchengetedza ekudzivirira ekudzivirira anofanirwa kuchengetwa ari anoshanda mode. Uye zvakare, mamwe maalarm masisitimu anofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuziva uye kupindura kune dzakasiyana siyana zviitiko zvekukurumidzira.

A software programming kukanganisa yakawanikwa zvakare muVistra Moss Landing Power station Phases 1 uye 2, sezvo kutanga kwekutanga kusina kudarika, bhatiri kupisa sink yakashandiswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutadza kwepombi yemvura yekubatanidza nekudonha kwepamusoro pebhatiri inoita kuti mvura iwanikwe kune bhatiri module uye yozokonzera pfupi pfupi. Iyi mienzaniso miviri inoratidza kukosha kwazvakaita kuti software/firmware programming itariswe uye igadziriswe pamberi pekutanga-up maitiro.

Summary

Kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwetsaona dzemoto dzinoverengeka muchiteshi chekuchengetera magetsi, kukoshesa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kupihwa kufefetera uye kutonga kwekuputika, kuisirwa kwakaringana uye nzira dzekutumira, kusanganisira software programming cheki, inogona kudzivirira tsaona yebhatiri. Pamusoro pezvo, hurongwa hwakakwana hwekupindura kwechimbichimbi hunofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti hugadzirise kugadzirwa kwemagasi ane muchetura uye zvinhu.