Yakajairwa ANSI/CAN/UL/ULC 2271-2023 edition, inoshandiswa pakuedza kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri yeLight Electric Vehicle (LEV), yakabudiswa munaSeptember 2023 kuti itsive yekare yekare ye2018 version. , zvimiro zvinodiwa, uye bvunzo zvinodiwa.

Kuchinja kwetsanangudzo

• Kuwedzeredzwa kweBattery Management System (BMS) tsananguro:A bhatiri rekudzora reketi ine inoshanda yekudzivirira michina inotarisisa uye inochengetedza maseru mukati menzvimbo yavo yekushanda yakatsanangurwa: uye inodzivirira kuwandisa, overcurrent, overtemperature, under-temperature uye overdischarge mamiriro emaseru.
• Wedzero yeMagetsi Mudhudhudhu tsananguro: Motokari yemagetsi ine chigaro kana chigaro chekushandisa mutyairi uye yakagadzirirwa kufamba isingadariki mavhiri matatu ichisangana negroud, asi isingabatanidzi tirakita. Mudhudhudhu wemagetsi unotarisirwa kushandiswa mumigwagwa yeveruzhinji kusanganisira migwagwa mikuru.
• Wedzero yeMagetsi Scooter tsananguro: Chishandiso chinorema isingasviki zana remapaunzi icho:

a) Iine mibato, bhodhi repasi kana chigaro chinogona kumira kana kugarwa nemushandisi, uye mota yemagetsi;

b) Inogona kufambiswa nemota yemagetsi uye/kana simba remunhu; uye

c) Iine hupamhi hwekumhanya isingapfuuri 20 mph pane yakavezwa nhanho yepamusoro kana ichifambiswa chete nemagetsi mota.

Kugadziriswa kwemienzaniso yeLEV: Mudhudhudhu wemagetsi unobviswa uye mota dzemuchadenga dzisina munhu (UAV) dzinowedzerwa.

• Kuwedzerwa kwePersonal E-mobility Device Device: Mutengi wekufamba-famba ane chinangwa chemutasvi mumwe chete ane rechargeable electric drive train inodzikamisa uye inofambisa mutasvi, uye whcih inogona kupihwa mubato wekubata uchikwira. Iyi devide inogona kana kusagona kuzvienzanisa.
• Kuwedzeredzwa kwetsananguro dzePrimary Overcurrent Dziviriro, Yekutanga Chengetedzo Dziviriro, Active Dziviriro zvishandiso, uye passive dziviriro zvishandiso.
• Kuwedzerwa kweSodium Ion Cells tsananguro: Masero akafanana pakuvaka kune lithium ion masero kunze kwekuti anoshandisa sodium seion yekutakura ine yakanaka electrode ine sodium compound, uye carbon kana yakafanana anode ane aqueous kana asina aqueous. uye ine sodium compound munyu wakanyungudutswa mu electrolyte.

Shanduko dzezvimiro zvinodiwa

Metallic Parts Resistance to Corrosion

1.Mental magetsi ekuchengetedza simba assemblie (EESA) enslosures ichave isingadzivirirwe nekuora. Masimbi akavharirwa akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinotevera anozotariswa kuti aenderane nezvinoda corrosion resistance:

Mhangura, aluminium, kana simbi isina tsvina; uye

b) Bronze kana ndarira, chero ipi zvayo ine 80% mhangura.

2.Kuwedzera kwekusaodzwa kwezvinodiwa kune ferrous enclosures:

Ferrous enclosures yekushandiswa kwemukati memba ichachengetedzwa kubva mukuora nekugadzira enameling, pendi, galvanizing, kana dzimwe nzira dzakafanana. Ferrous enclosures yekushandiswa kwekunze inofanira kuenderana ne600-awa yemunyu spray test muCSA C22.2 No. 94.2 / UL 50E. Dzimwe nzira dzekuwana kuchengetedzwa kwekuora maererano neCSA C22.2 Nhamba 94.2 / UL 50E inogona kugamuchirwa.

Insulation Levels uye Dziviriro Grounding

Kutevedzwa kweiyo inodzivirira yepasi system inogona kuongororwa zvinoenderana nechinhu chitsva chekuchenjera chekuyedza cheiyi chiyero - grounding kuenderera bvunzo.

Safety Analysis

1.Kuwedzerwa kwemienzaniso yekuongorora kwekuchengetedza. Kuongororwa kwekuchengetedza system kunofanirwa kuratidza kuti anotevera mamiriro haana njodzi. Mamiriro anotevera anozotariswa zvishoma, asi haana kugumira kune:

a) Battery cell over-voltage uye under-voltage;

b) Bhatiri pamusoro-tembiricha uye pasi-tembiricha; uye

c) Battery over-current duing charge and discharge conditions.

2.Kugadziridzwa kwekuchengetedza kuchengetedza mudziyo (hardware) zvinodiwa:

a)The Farilure-Mode uye Effect Analysis (FMEA) zvinodiwa muUL 991;

b)Kudzivirirwa Kunopesana Nezvikanganiso Zvemukati Kuve nechokwadi Chekuita Chekuchengetedza zvinodiwa muUL 60730-1 kana CSA E60730-1 (Clause H.27.1.2); kana

c) Kudzivirirwa Pakukanganisa Kuona Kushanda Kwekuchengetedza zvinodiwa (Kirasi B zvinodiwa) muCSA C22.2 No.0.8 (Chikamu 5.5) kuona kutevedza uye kuona bvunzo dzinodiwa kuti uone kushivirira kukanganisa kumwe chete.

3.Kugadziriswa kwekuchengetedza kuchengetedza doevide (software) zvinodiwa:

a) UL 1998;

b)Software Kirasi B zvinodiwa zveCSA C22.2 No.0.8; kana

c)The Contrils Uchishandisa Software zvinodiwa (Software Kirasi B zvinodiwa) muUL 60730-1 (Clause H.11.12) kana CSA E60730-1.

4.Kuwedzera kweBMS zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwesero.

Kana ichivimbika pakuchengetedza maseru mukati memiganho yekushanda, iyo bhatiri manejimendi system (BMS) inochengetedza maseru mukati meyakatarwa sero voltage uye miganho yazvino kudzivirira kubva pakuchaja uye kudhadhaira. Iyo BMS inochengetedza maseru mukati meiyo yakatarwa tembiricha miganho inopa dziviriro kubva mukupisa uye pasi pekushanda kwekushisa. Paunenge uchiongorora matunhu ekuchengetedza kuti uone kuti sero inoshanda nharaunda miganhu inochengetedzwa, kushivirira kweyekudzivirira yedunhu / chikamu kuchatariswa mukuongororwa. Zvikamu zvakaita semafusi, mabreaker edunhu kana zvimwe zvigadziriso uye zvikamu zvakatemerwa zvakakosha pakushanda kwakarongwa kwebhatiri system iyo inofanirwa kupihwa mukupedzisira kushandisa LEV, inozoonekwa mumirairo yekuisa.

Kuwedzerwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwedunhu zvinodiwa.

Kana miganho yekushanda yakatemwa ikapfuudzwa, dunhu redziviriro richadzikamisa kana kuvhara kuchaja kana kuburitsa kudzivirira mafambiro anopfuura miganhu yekushandisa. Kana mamiriro ane ngozi akaitika, sisitimu icharamba ichipa basa rekuchengetedza kana kuenda kunzvimbo yakachengeteka (SS) kana njodzi yakagadziriswa (RA) nyika. Kana basa rekuchengetedza rave rakakuvadzwa, iyo system icharamba iri munzvimbo yakachengeteka kana njodzi yakatariswa mamiriro kusvikira basa rekuchengetedza radzorerwa uye hurongwa hwave huchinzi hunogamuchirwa kushanda.

Kuwedzerwa kweEMC zvinodiwa.

Solid state maseketi uye masoftware ekutonga, anovimbwa nawo seyekutanga kuchengetedza kuchengetedza, anozoongororwa uye kuyedzwa kuti aone kusadzivirirwa kwemagetsi zvinoenderana neElectromagnetic Immunity Miedzo yeUL 1973 kana isina kuedzwa sechikamu cheiyo inoshanda kuchengetedza mwero wekuongorora.

Sero

1.Kuwedzera kwezvinodiwa zveSodium ion masero. Masero eSodium ion achaenderana nezvinodiwa nesodium ion cell yeUL/ULC 2580 (yakafanana nekuita uye kuisa chiratidzo kune yechipiri lithium masero muUL/ULC 2580), kusanganisira kutevedzera bvunzo dzese dzekuita kwemasero.

2.Kuwedzera kwezvinodiwa zvemasero akadzorerwa. Mabhatiri uye masisitimu ebhatiri anoshandisa maseru akadzokororwa uye mabhatiri achaona kuti zvikamu zvakadzokororwa zvapfuura nenzira inogamuchirwa yekudzorera zvinoenderana neUL 1974.

Kuedza Kuchinja

Overcharge Test

• Kuwedzerwa kwezvinodiwa kuti panguva yekuyedzwa, voltage yemasero ichayerwa.
• Kuwedzerwa kwezvinodiwa kuti Kana BMS ichidzikisa ikozvino yekuchaja kuvharuvhu yakaderera pedyo nekupera kwechikamu chekuchaja, sampuli ichabhadhariswa nguva dzose neyakaderedzwa yekuchaja ikozvino kusvika pakupedzisira mhedzisiro yaitika.
• Kudzimwa kwechinodikanwa chekuti kana mudziyo wekudzivirira uri mudunhu ukashanda, bvunzo inodzokororwa kweinenge maminetsi gumi pa90% yenzvimbo yerwendo rwemudziyo wekudzivirira kana pane imwe muzana yenzvimbo yerwendo inobvumira kuchaja.
• Kuwedzera kwechinodikanwa kuti pamhedzisiro yekuchaja bvunzo, iyo yakanyanya kuchaja volatge yakayerwa pamaseru haipfuure nharaunda yavo yekushanda.

high rate kuchaja

• Kuwedzeredzwa kweiyo Yepamusoro Rate Charge Test (yakafanana bvunzo zvinodiwa seUL 1973);
• Kunonoka kweBMS kunoonekwawo mumhedzisiro yebvunzo: Iyo yekuchaja ikozvino inogona kudarika yakanyanya kuchaja ikozvino kwenguva pfupi (mukati memasekonzi mashoma) iri mukati menguva yekunonoka yekuonekwa kweBMS.

Short Circuit

• Inobvisa chinodikanwa chekuti kana mudziyo wekudzivirira uri mudunhu uchishanda, bvunzo inodzokororwa pa90% yenzvimbo yerwendo rwemudziyo wekudzivirira kana pane imwe muzana yenzvimbo yerwendo inobvumira kuchaja kweinenge gumi maminetsi.

OverloadUnderDischargeTest

• Kuwedzeredza Kwekuwedzeredza Under Discharge Test (yedzo zvinodiwa zvakafanana neUL 1973)

Overdischarge

• Kuwedzera kwechinodikanwa chekuti voltage yemasero ichayerwa panguva yekuyedzwa.
• Kuwedzera kwechinodiwa chekuti semhedzisiro yekuyedzwa kwe overdischarge, iyo shoma yekuburitsa voltage yakayerwa pamaseru haifanire kudarika yavo yakajairika yekushanda.

Temperature Test (Temperature rise)

• Kuwedzera kwechinodiwa chekuti kana iyo yakanyanya kuchaja paramita ichisiyana nekupisa, kunyorerana pakati pechaji paramita uye tembiricha ichajekeswa mumirayiridzo yekuchaja uye DUT ichachajwa pasi pematanho ekuchaja zvakanyanya.
• Shandura zvinodiwa zve pre-condition. Kuchajisa uye kuburitsa kutenderera kunodzokororwa kwehuwandu hushoma hwe2 yakazara kutenderera kwechaji uye kuburitswa, kudzamara inoteedzana kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa kutenderera kusaramba kuchiwedzera tembiricha yesero kupfuura 2 ° C. mushanduro yekare)
• Kuwedzera kwechinodikanwa chekuti kuchengetedzwa kwemafuta uye overcurrent kudzivirira zvishandiso hazvishande.

Grounding Continuity Test

Kuwedzera kweGrounding Continuity Test (yedzo zvinodiwa zvakafanana neUL 2580)

Single Cell Kukundikana Dhizaini Kushivirira Muedzo

Sekondari mabhatiri e lithium ane simba rakayerwa rinopfuura 1kWh achaiswa pasi peSingle Cell Failure Design Tolerance Test yeUL/ULC 2580).

Summaryy

Iyo nyowani vhezheni yeUL 2271 inodzima midhudhudhu yemagetsi mumhando yezvigadzirwa (midhudhudhu yemagetsi ichaverengerwa muchikamu cheUL 2580) uye inowedzera drones; nekuvandudzwa kwemabhatiri e-sodium-ion, maLEV akawanda anoashandisa semagetsi. Izvo zvinodikanwa zvesodium-ion maseru zvinowedzerwa mune itsva vhezheni standard. Panyaya yekuyedza, ruzivo rwebvunzo rwakavandudzwa uye kutariswa kwakawanda kwakabhadharwa kune kuchengetedzeka kwesero. Thermal runaway yakawedzerwa kune mabhatiri makuru.

Kare, New York City yakanga yarayira kuti mabhatiri emabhasikoro emagetsi, scooters emagetsi, uye chiedza chemagetsi motokari (LEV) inofanira kuenderana neUL 2271. Iyi chiyero chekudzokorora ndechekudzora zvakakwana kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri yemabhasikoro emagetsi nemimwe midziyo. Kana makambani achida kubudirira kupinda mumusika weNorth America, anofanirwa kunzwisisa nekuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemazinga matsva nenguva.