Carbon tsoka

Background uye maitiro eEU's “New Battery Regulation”

EU's Regulation paMabhatiri uye Marata Mabhatiri,anozivikanwawo seEU's New Battery Regulation, yakakurudzirwa neEU muna Zvita 2020 kuti ibvise zvishoma nezvishoma Directive 2006/66/EC, kugadzirisa Regulation (EU) No 2019/1020, uye kugadzirisa mutemo webhatiri weEU.

Iyo yazvino bhatiri Directive (2006/66/EC), yakabudiswa muna 2006, inonyanya kuisa miganhu pamutengo unodzikisira uye kumaka kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza (mercury, cadmium uye lead) zviri mumabhatiri akaiswa pamusika weEU, asi haitsanangure kumwe kuita. zviratidzo padanho rekugadzirwa kwebhatiri, kushandiswa uye kudzokorora. TheNew Battery Regulation inogadzirisa kushomeka uku, ichikurudzira nhevedzano yezvinodiwa kune mamwe mabhatiri akasimba, anogona kudzokororwa uye akachengeteka, anosanganisira kabhoni tsoka yemitemo, mashoma ekudzokorodza zvirimo, kuita uye kusimba kwemaitiro, zvichingodaro. Kuwedzerwa kwekabhoni tsoka mune iyi bhatiri regulation gadziriso yakwezva kunyanya kutariswa kubva kune vanogadzira. Nguva pfupi yadarika, MCM yakagamuchira nhamba huru yemibvunzo ine chekuita neizvi, saka isu tinogadzirisa uye tinoongorora zvirimo uye zvinodiwa zvekabhoni footprint pano kuti utarise.

Zvinodikanwa zvekabhoni tsoka 

Chitsauko 7 cheNew Battery Regulation iri pamusoro peiyo kabhoni tsoka inodiwa pamabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi, mota dzakareruka uye mabhatiri emaindasitiri. Mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi uye mabhatiri emuindasitiri anochajika ane huwandu hunodarika 2kWh anofanirwa kuperekedzwa nemagwaro ehunyanzvi. Imwe neimwe bhatiri modhi uye yega yega yekugadzira chirimwa batch inofanirwa kunge iine kabhoni footprint statement, inosanganisira:

(a) Ruzivo nezve mugadziri;

(b) Zvinyorwa zverudzi rwebhatiri uko chiziviso chinoshanda;

(c) Ruzivo rwenzvimbo yenzvimbo yekugadzira bhatiri zvivakwa;

(d) Iyo kabhoni tsoka yehupenyu hwebhatiri kutenderera iri mumakirogiramu eCO₂ equivalent;

(e) Iyo kabhoni tsoka yebhatiri pane imwe neimwe nhanho yehupenyu hwayo kutenderera;

(f) Nhamba yekuzivikanwa yebhatiri's EU declaration of conformity

Iyo yekuverenga nzira yekabhoni tsoka

Nzira dzekuverenga dzekabhoni tsoka dzinopihwa muAppendix II yeNew Battery Regulation. Kune marudzi matatu:

1) Product Environmental Footprint (PEF)

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013H0179&from=EN

2) Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCRs)

https://green-business.ec.europa.eu/environmental-footprint-methods_en

3) Zvibvumirano zvepasi rose uye kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi mumunda wekuongorora kutenderera kwehupenyu

https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/6e9b7f79-da96-4a53-956f-e8f62c9d7fed/library/537534a4-9c76-40a1-b488-e9127db2befd=detail

Iko kuverengerwa kwehupenyu kutenderera kabhoni footprint kunofanirwa kuenderana nebhiri rezvinhu, simba uye zvekubatsira zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira imwe mhando yebhatiri pane imwe chirimwa. Kunyanya, zvinhu zvemagetsi (senge mabhatiri manejimendi mayuniti, mayuniti ekuchengetedza) uye zvakanaka maelectrode zvinhu zvinopa zvakanyanya kune kabhoni tsoka yebhatiri. Iyo kabhoni footprint statement inofanirwa kunge iri yemhando yebhatiri inogadzirwa pane yakatarwa saiti yekugadzira. Shanduko murunyorwa rwezvinhu kana musanganiswa wesimba unoshandiswa unoda kuverengerwa kutsva kwekabhoni tsoka yemhando yebhatiri.

Carbon footprint performance rating

Zvichienderana nekugoverwa kwekabhoni tsoka yakaziviswa kukosha kwebhatiri pamusika, iyo kabhoni tsoka yekuita chiyero ichatemerwa kuzadzisa musika musiyano. Chikamu A ndiyo yakanakisa chikamu ine yakaderera kabhoni tsoka yehupenyu-kutenderera maitiro. Komisheni ichatarisa huwandu hwehupenyu-yekutenderera kabhoni tsoka yekufamba kwemabhatiri eindasitiri ane huwandu hunodarika 2kWh zvichibva pachiyero chekuita. Panguva iyoyo, mabhatiri anodarika carbon footprint threshold haakwanise kutumirwa kunze kwenyika kuEU.

Zuva rekushandiswa kweCarbon footprint

²Kubva munaChikunguru 1, 2024, mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi, mabhatiri emota dzekutakura mwenje uye mabhatiri emaindasitiri anozodikanwa kuti vataure kabhoni tsoka dzavo;

²Kubva muna Ndira 1, 2025, mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi, mabhatiri emotokari yekutakura mabhatiri uye mabhatiri emaindasitiri anozoda kabhoni footprint performance rating;

(Iyo European Commission ichaburitsa nzira yekuyera ne31 Zvita 2024)

²Kubva munaChikunguru 1, 2027, mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi, mabhatiri emota dzekufambisa uye mabhatiri emumaindasitiri ane simba riri pamusoro pe2kWh anozodikanwa kuve nehupamhi hwehupenyu-kutenderera kabhoni footprint threshold.

(Iyo European Commission ichaburitsa kabhoni tsoka yepakati panosvika Chikunguru 1, 2025)

Carbon tariff

Sumo pfupi

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM) mutero wakakosha wekuburitsa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi pazvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, inozivikanwawo semutero wekugadzirisa kabhoni. Muna 2021, kuitira kuzadzisa chinangwa chekudzikisa kabhoni ne55% panosvika 2030, EU yakaunza.Inokodzera 55, nhevedzano yemitemo yekunyorwa inosanganisira kabhoni tariffs.

Chikamu chekushandisa

CBAM inovhara minda yesimbi, simende, fetiraiza, aluminium uye magetsi, makemikari (hydrogen, ammonia, ammonia mvura) uye mapolymer (zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki). Dzimwe nyika kana matunhu anoregererwa mutero wakakodzera, kunyanya kusanganisira nyika dzisiri dzeEU kana matunhu akabatana neEU emissions yekutengesa system, kana nyika nematunhu akazivana nezve EU emissions yekutengesa hurongwa, asi kunze kweChina.

Nyaya yemutero

Mutero weCBAM ndiye anotenga kunze kwenyika muEU.Vanotenga kunze kwenyika vanosungirwa kunyoresa neEU CBAM manejimendi ekutonga uye vanogona kupinza zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana chete mushure memvumo. Iyi inotevera mutengo wekuverenga formula:

Muripo weCBAM = mutengo wekabhoni payuniti (EUR/tani) x kabhoni emission (tani)

Kabhoni emission (matani)=carbon emission intensity × huwandu hwechigadzirwa (matani)

Transitional period

CBAM ichatanga kushanda kwekuyedza muna Gumiguru gore rino. Iyo nguva kubva 2023 kusvika 2026 ichave yekuchinja kuyedza danho reCBAM. Munguva yekuchinja, vatengesi veEU vanongoda kuendesa data yekota yega (ruzivo rwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika mukota, zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga kabhoni emissions yezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, mutengo wekuburitsa kabhoni unobhadharwa nezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika munyika yekwakabva, etc.) uye hazvizodikanwa kubhadhara kabhoni tariff pane zvigadzirwa zvinobva kunze kwenyika. Kubva 2027 zvichienda mberi, vatengesi veEU vanozodikanwa kuendesa huwandu hunoenderana hweCBAM yemagetsi zvitupa, kureva kuti, kabhoni tariff ichaiswa.

Notes: 1. Yakananga kabhoni emissions: Kuburitswa kwechigadzirwa panguva yekugadzirwa pasi pekutonga kwakananga kwemugadziri.

2. Indirect carbon emissions: Kuburitsa kunokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwemagetsi panguva yekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa.

EU CAM inoshandisa nzira yese yehupenyu kuyera kuburitsa kabhoni. Kana bhizinesi risingakwanisi kuverenga nemazvo, iyo default carbon emission intensity ndiyo avhareji yekabhoni emission intensity yeyakaderera kabhoni emission performance (pasi 10%) yemabhizinesi kugadzira mhando yezvigadzirwa munyika inotumira kunze. Kana iyo kambani ikasapa data pamusoro pekabhoni emissions, avhareji kabhoni kusimba kweakaderera kabhoni emission vanoita (pasi 5%) emabhizinesi anogadzira mhando imwechete yezvigadzirwa muEU achashandiswa.

Mhedziso

Iyo kabhoni tsoka inomhanya kuburikidza nehupenyu hwese kutenderera kwebhatiri, inosanganisira zvigadzirwa, kugadzira, cheni yekugovera, kushandisa uye kudzokorodza. Nhengo dzeEUNew Battery Regulation uye kabhoni tariffs inobhadhara zvakanyanya kuburitsa kabhoni yezvigadzirwa, uye ita zvakanyanya kuomarara uye zvakajeka zvinodiwa zvebhatiri kabhoni tsoka yekuzivisa, chiyero chekushanda uye zvikumbaridzo, uye zvinhu zvakadzokororwa. Parizvino, indasitiri yebhatiri yeChina haina akakura kabhoni footprint accounting zviyero uye nzira, uye bhatiri kabhoni tsoka yedhata haina chinhu. Kunyangwe iri yekutanga kabhoni footprint data declaration, kana inotevera kabhoni footprint chiyero uye chikumbaridzo mirau zvinounza matambudziko makuru pamutengo wekutengesa chigadzirwa uye kunze kwenyika. Ikozvino kune mamwe makambani emumba emabhatiri akatangisa zero-kabhoni zvigadzirwa, zero-kabhoni zvitoro, zero-kabhoni mafekitori. Mamwe makambani anofanirwawo kunzwisisa nenguva uye kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemitemo yeEU nekukasira, kuve nechokwadi chekuti kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemabhatiri nezvimwe zvigadzirwa kuEU zvinoenderana nemirairo.

Mwedzi unotevera uchakuunzira dudziro yezvikamu zvebhatiri zvinogadzikiswa muChitsauko 8 cheEU's New Battery Regulation: mabhatiri anotakurika, mabhatiri ekutakura akareruka, mabhatiri emuindasitiri, mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi uye mabhatiri emotokari.