Chii chinonzi European Green Deal?

Yakatangwa neEuropean Commission muna Zvita 2019, European Green Deal ine chinangwa chekuisa EU munzira inoenda kune yakasvibira shanduko uye pakupedzisira.achievekusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze panosvika 2050.

IEuropean Green Deal ipakiti yezvirongwa zvemitemo kubva kumamiriro ekunze, nharaunda, simba, zvekufambisa, indasitiri, zvekurima, kune mari inoenderera. Chinangwa chayo ndechekushandura EU kuti ive hupfumi hunobudirira, hwemazuva ano uye hunokwikwidzana, kuve nechokwadi chokuti mitemo yose yakakosha inobatsira pachinangwa chekupedzisira kuti ive isina kwayakarerekera.

Ndeapi Matanho Anoitwa NeGreen Deal Inosanganisira?

——Inokodzera 55

Iyo Fit for 55 package ine chinangwa chekuita kuti chinangwa cheGreen Deal ive mutemo, zvichireva kudzikiswa kweanosvika makumi mashanu neshanu muzana ekuburitsa gasi regreenhouse panosvika 2030.ThePackage ine seti yezvikumbiro zvemutemo uye zvigadziriso kune iripo EU mutemo, yakagadzirirwa kubatsira EU kucheka mambure egreenhouse gasi uye kuwana kusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze.

——Circular Economy Action Plan

Musi waKurume 11, 2020, European Commission yakaburitsa "A New Circular Economy Action Plan for a Cleaner and More Competitive Europe", iyo inoshanda sechinhu chakakosha cheEuropean Green Deal, yakanyatsopindirana neEuropean Industrial Strategy.

Chirongwa cheAction chinotsanangura makumi matatu neshanu mapoinzi ekuita, neyakagadzika hurongwa hwechigadzirwa sechinhu chayo chepakati, zvinosanganisira dhizaini yechigadzirwa, maitiro ekugadzira, uye zvirongwa zvinopa simba vatengi nevatengi veveruzhinji. Matanho anotarisisa anozonanga zvakakosha zvechigadzirwa cheni senge zvemagetsi neICT, mabhatiri nemotokari, kurongedza, mapurasitiki, machira, kuvaka uye zvivakwa, pamwe nechikafu, mvura uye chikafu. Kudzokororwa kwemutemo wekurasa kunotarisirwawo. Kunyanya, Chirongwa Chekuita chinosanganisira nzvimbo ina huru:

• Circularity muSustainable Product Lifecycle
• Kugonesa Vatengi
• Targeting Key Industries
• Kuderedza Waste

Circularity muKukudziridzwa uye Kugadzirwa kweSustainable Products

Ichi chikamu chakagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvinogara zvakanyanya uye zviri nyore kugadzirisa, zvichiita kuti vatengi vaite sarudzo dzakasimba.

Ecodesign

Kubva 2009, Ecodesign Directive yakaisa pasi simba rekushandisa zvinodikanwa zvinofukidza zvakasiyana zvigadzirwa (semuenzaniso makomputa, mafiriji, pombi dzemvura).Musi wa27 Chivabvu 2024, Kanzuru yakatora zvitsva zveecodesign zvinodiwa kune zvigadzirwa zvinogara zviripo.

Mitemo mitsva iyi ine chinangwa cheku:

² Isa zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza zvezvinhu zvinenge zvese zvakaiswa pamusika weEU

² Gadzira mapasipoti echigadzirwa chedhijitari anopa ruzivo rwekuchengetedza nharaunda yezvigadzirwa

² Kurambidza kuparadzwa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvisingatengeswi (micheka neshangu)

²

Rightto Repair

EU inoda kuona kuti vatengi vanogona kutsvaga kugadziriswa kwete kutsiviwa kana chigadzirwa chakanganiswa kana kukanganisa. Mitemo mitsva yakafanana yakakurudzirwa munaKurume 2023 kuti igadzirise kuraswa kwekukurumidza kwezvinhu zvinogadziriswa.

Musi waChivabvu 30, 2024, Kanzuru yakatambira Kodzero yeKugadzirisa (R2R) Directive.Zvinyorwa zvayo zvikuru zvinosanganisira:

² Vatengi vane kodzero yekukumbira vagadziri kuti vagadzirise zvigadzirwa zvinokwanisa kugadziriswa nemutemo pasi pemutemo weEU (zvakadai semichina yekuwachisa, vacuum cleaners kana nharembozha).

² Pepa reruzivo rekugadzirisa reEuropean

² Nzvimbo yebasa yepamhepo inobatanidza vatengi nevashandi vekugadzirisa

² Nguva yechikwereti cheMutengesi inowedzerwa kwemwedzi gumi nemiviri mushure mekugadzirisa chigadzirwa

Mutemo mutsva uyu uchadzikisawo tsvina uye kusimudzira nzira dzebhizinesi dzakasimba nekukurudzira vanogadzira nevatengi kuti vawedzere kutenderera kwehupenyu hwezvigadzirwa zvavo.

Circularity yemaitiro ekugadzira

Iyo Industrial Emissions Directive ndiwo mutemo mukuru weEU kugadzirisa kusvibiswa kwemaindasitiri.

EU nguva pfupi yadarika yakagadziridza rairo yekutsigira indasitiri mukuedza kwayo kuzadzisa chinangwa cheEU chekusvibisa zero panosvika gore ra2050, kunyanya nekutsigira tekinoroji dzehupfumi nekudyara. Muna Mbudzi 2023, EU Council neParamende yeEuropean dzakasvika chibvumirano chenguva pfupi pakudzokorora kweDirective muhurukuro dzetatu. Iwo mutemo mutsva wakagamuchirwa neKanzuru muna Kubvumbi 2024.

Simbisa vatengi

EU inoda kudzivirira makambani kuti asataure zvinotsausa pamusoro pezvakanaka zvezvakatipoteredza zvezvigadzirwa nemasevhisi avo.

Musi wa20 Kukadzi 2024, Kanzuru yakatora rairo ine chinangwa chekusimbisa kodzero yevatengi yekuchinja kwegirinhi. Eu vatengi vacha:

² Kuwana ruzivo rwechokwadi kuita sarudzo dzakasvibira, kusanganisira yekutanga-yekubuda

² Kudzivirirwa kurinani kubva pazvichemo zvegirinhi zvisina kunaka

² Kunzwisisa zvirinani kugadzirisa kwechigadzirwa usati watenga

Iyo dhairekitori inosumawo yunifomu label ine ruzivo rwekusimba kwekutengesa garandi inopihwa nemugadziri.

Target makiyi maindasitiri

Urongwa hwekuita hunotarisa kune dzakananga nzvimbo dzinodya zvakanyanya zviwanikwa uye dzine yakakwira yekudzokorodza mukana.

Charger

Midziyo yemagetsi neyemagetsi ndeimwe yenzizi dzemarara dziri kukurumidza kukura muEU. Naizvozvo, Circular Economy Action Plan inopa matanho ekuvandudza kusimba uye kudzokorodza kushanda kwemagetsi nemagetsi. MunaNovember 2022, EU yakagamuchira iyoUniversal Charger Directive, iyo ichaita kuti USB Type-C yekuchaja zviteshi isungirwe kune dzakasiyana siyana dzemidziyo yemagetsi (nharembozha, vhidhiyo yemitambo consoles, isina waya kiyibhodhi, malaptop, nezvimwewo).

Nharembozha uye tablet komputa

Mitemo mitsva yeEU ichaita kuti vatengi vatenge nharembozha uye makombiyuta epatablet ane simba rakawanda, akasimba uye ari nyore kugadzirisa pamusika weEU nekuti:

² Mitemo yeEcodesign inoisa zvidiki zvinodiwa kuti bhatiri rirambe rakasimba, kuvapo kwezvikamu zvakasara, uye kukwidziridzwa kwesystem yekushandisa.

² Mitemo yezvinyorwa zvemagetsi inoraira kuratidzwa kweruzivo rwekugona kwesimba uye hupenyu hwebhatiri, pamwe nekugadzirisa zvibodzwa.

Masangano eEu ari kuvandudza mitemo pamarara emagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi, kusanganisira mhando dzezvigadzirwa zvakaita semakomputa, mafiriji uye mapaneru ephotovoltaic.

Bhatiri uye marara bhatiri

Muna 2023, EU yakatora mutemo pamusoro pemabhatiri une chinangwa chekugadzira hupfumi hwakatenderera hweindasitiri nekunangana matanho ese ehupenyu hwebhatiri, kubva pakugadzira kusvika pakurasa marara. Kufamba uku kwakakosha, kunyanya maererano nekuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi.

Packaging

MunaNovember 2022, iyo Coucil yakaronga shanduko kumitemo yekurongedza uye yekurongedza tsvina. Komisheni yakasvika chibvumirano chenguva pfupi neParamende yeEuropean munaKurume 2024.

Mamwe ematanho akakosha echikumbiro anosanganisira:

² Packagingkuderedza mararazvinangwa paMember State level

² Deredza kurongedza zvakawandisa

² Inotsigira kushandiswa zvakare uye masisitimu ekuwedzera

² Mandatory deposit return yemabhodhoro epurasitiki nemagaba ealuminium

Plastiki

Kubva 2018, European Circular Economy Plastics Strategy ine chinangwa chekuvandudza kudzokororwa kwepurasitiki yekurongedza uye inopa mhinduro yakasimba kune microplastics.

² Ita kuti kudzokororwa uye kuderedza marara kunofanirwa kuitwa kune zvakakosha zvigadzirwa

² Hurongwa hutsva hwegwaro remapurasitiki ane biobased, biodegradable uye compostable kujekesa uko mapurasitiki aya anogona kuunza mabhenefiti chaiwo.

² Tora matanho ekugadzirisa nekusaziva kuburitswa kwemamicroplastic mukati menharaunda kuderedza marara epurasitiki

Textiles

Komisheni yeEU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles ine chinangwa chekuita kuti micheka igare yakasimba, inogadzirika, inogona kushandiswa zvakare uye kushandiswazve panosvika 2030.

Muna Chikunguru 2023, Komisheni yakakurudzira:

² Itai kuti vagadziri vazvidavirire pahupenyu hwese hwezvigadzirwa zvemachira nekuwedzera basa remugadziri

² Kurumidzai kuvandudzwa kwemachira akaparadzana ekuunganidza, kuronga, kushandisazve uye kudzokorodza, sezvo Nyika dzenhengo dzichifanira kuumba imwe nzira yekuunganidza micheka yemumba pamberi pa1 Ndira 2025.

² Gadzirisa dambudziko rekutengesa kunze zvisiri pamutemo marara emarara

Kanzuru iri kuongorora chikumbiro ichi pasi pemitemo yakajairika.

Mitemo inogadzika yechigadzirwa ecodesign uye mitemo yekufambisa marara inotarisirwawo kubatsira kumisikidza zvinodiwa zvezvigadzirwa zvemachira uye kudzikisira kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemarara.

Cmirayiridzo zvigadzirwa

Muna Zvita 2023, Kanzuru neParamende zvakasvika chibvumirano chenguva pfupi pane zvigadziriso zvemutemo wezvigadzirwa zvekuvaka wakakurudzirwa neKomisheni. Mitemo mitsva iyi inounza zvitsva zvinodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka zvakagadzirwa uye zvinogadzirwa kuti zvigare zvakasimba, zvigadziriswe zviri nyore, zvigadziriswe zvakare uye zviri nyore kugadzira patsva.

Mugadziri anofanira:

² Ipa ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza nezvehupenyu hwechigadzirwa

² Dhizaina nekugadzira zvigadzirwa nenzira inoita kuti vashandise zvakare, vagadzirise uye vadzokorore

² Zvinhu zvinogadzikiswa zvakare zvinofarirwa

² Ipa mirairo yemashandisirwo nesevhisi chigadzirwa

Kuderedza tsvina

EU iri kushanda pamatanho akatevedzana ekuwedzera kusimbisa nekuita zvirinani mitemo yekurasa yeEU.

Zvinangwa zvekudzikisa tsvina

Murairo wemarara, unoshanda kubva muna Chikunguru 2020, unoisa mitemo yenhengo dzenhengo ku:

² Panosvika 2025, wedzera kushandiswa zvakare uye kudzokorodza mwero wemarara ekanzuru ne55%

² Ita shuwa kuunganidzwa kwakasiyana kwemicheka kuti ishandiswezve, kugadzirira kushandiswazve nekudzokorodza panosvika 1 Ndira 2025.

² Ita shuwa kuunganidzwa kwakasiyana kwebiowaste kuti ishandiswezve, kugadzirira kushandiswazve uye kudzokororwa patsva panosvika 31 Zvita 2023.

² Wanai zvinangwa zvekudzokorodza zvinhu zvekurongedza panosvika 2025 na2030.

Nzvimbo isina chepfu

Kubva 2020, chirongwa chemakemikari eEU chekusimudzira chine chinangwa chekubatsira kuona kuti makemikari akachengeteka kune zvese hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.

² Musi wa24 Gumiguru 2022, pasi pehurongwa hwekuita kwehupfumi hwedenderedzwa, EU yakagamuchira kuvandudzwa kwemutemo.pane zvinoramba zvichisvibisa organic(PoPs), makemikari anokuvadza anogona kuwanikwa mumarara kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvevatengi (semuenzaniso machira asingapindi mvura, mapurasitiki, nemidziyo yemagetsi).

Mitemo mitsva inovavarirakuderedza kuganhura ukoshinekuda kwekuvapo kwePoPs mumarara, iyo yakakosha kuhupfumi hwedenderedzwa, uko marara achange achiwedzera kushandiswa seyechipiri mbishi.

² Muna Chikumi 2023, Kanzuru yakatora chinzvimbo chayo chenhaurirano padzokororo yezvikamu, kunyora uye kurongedzerwa kwemitemo yemakemikari yakatsanangurwa neKomisheni. Matanho akarongwa anosanganisira mitemo chaiyo yezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvinogona kudzokororwa zvinozobatsira kuderedza marara ekurongedza.

Secondary raw materials

Kanzuru yakatora iyo yakakosha mbishi chiitiko, iyo ine chinangwa chekusimbisa ese matanho eEuropean akakosha ezvigadzirwa kukosha kweketani kusanganisira nekuvandudza kutenderera uye kudzokorodza.

EU Kanzuru neParamende zvakasvika pachibvumirano chenguva pachiitiko ichi muna Mbudzi 2023. Mitemo mitsva iyi yakaisa chinangwa chinosvika 25% cheEU chegore negore chekushandiswa kwemidziyo yakakosha kubva mukudzokororwa mudzimba.

Waste shipments

Kanzuru nevamiriri veParamende yeEuropean vakasvika pachibvumirano chezvematongerwo enyika chekuvandudza mutemo wekutakura marara muna Mbudzi 2023. Mitemo yacho yakagamuchirwa zviri pamutemo neKanzuru muna Kurume 2024. Ndeyekutonga zviri nani kutengesa marara mukati meEU uye nevasiri -EU nyika.

² Kuona kuti kutengeswa kwemarara kune kunze kwenyika hakukuvadze nharaunda uye hutano hwevanhu

² Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvinotumirwa zvisiri pamutemo

Mutemo uyu une chinangwa chekudzikisa kutakurwa kwemarara ane dambudziko kuenda kunze kweEU, kugadzirisa nzira dzekutumira kuratidza zvinangwa zvehupfumi hwedenderedzwa, uye kuvandudza mashandiro. Inosimudzira kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa kwemarara mukati meEU.

Summary

EU yakaronga nhevedzano yematanho emitemo, senge mutemo mutsva webhatiri, eco-dhizaini mirau, kodzero yekugadzirisa (R2R), universal charger rairo, nezvimwewo, kusimudzira kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezvigadzirwa, nechinangwa chekutanga munzira. yekuchinja kwegirinhi uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chekusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze muna 2050. Mitemo yeEU yehupfumi hwegirinhi inodyidzana zvakanyanya nemakambani anogadzira. Makambani akakodzera ane zvinodiwa kunze kwenyika kubva kuEU anofanirwa kutarisisa kushanduka kwemitemo yeEU nenguva uye kugadzirisa.