European Commission yakaburitsa gwaro reMitemo miviri Yakatumirwa ine chekuita neEU 2023/1542 (iyo New Battery Regulation), inova nzira dzekuverenga uye dzekuzivisa yebhatiri kabhoni tsoka.
Iyo New Battery Regulation inoisa hupenyu-kutenderera kabhoni tsoka yemhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri, asi iyo chaiyo yekushandisa haina kuburitswa panguva iyoyo. Mukupindura kune kabhoni footprint inodikanwa yemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi ayo achashandiswa muna Nyamavhuvhu 2025, mabhiri maviri aya anojekesa nzira dzekuverenga uye kuona hupenyu hwavo hwekabhoni tsoka.
Iwo maviri mabhiri mabhiri achave nemwedzi wekutaura uye nguva yemhinduro kubva muna Kubvumbi 30, 2024 kusvika Chivabvu 28, 2024.
Zvinodikanwa zvekabhoni tsoka yekuverenga kuverenga
Bhiri rinojekesa mitemo yekuverenga kabhoni tsoka, kutsanangura inoshanda unit, system muganhu, uye kucheka-kubvisa mitemo. Magazini ino inonyanya kutsanangura tsananguro yemashandiro anoita unit uye system boundary mamiriro.
Functional unit
Tsanangudzo:Huwandu hwesimba hunopihwa nebhatiri pamusoro pehupenyu hwesevhisi yebhatiri (Ezvachose), inoratidzwa mu kWh.
Calculation formula:
Imomo
a)Simba simbandiyo simba rinoshandiswa rebhatiri mu kWh pakutanga kwehupenyu, kureva simba rinowanikwa kumushandisi paanenge achiburitsa bhatiri idzva rakazadzwa zvizere kusvika muganhu wekubuda wakatarwa nebhatiri management system..
b)FEqC pagore ndiyo yakajairwa nhamba yeakaenzana akaenzana echaji-kuburitsa ma cycles pagore. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emabhatiri emotokari, zvinokosha zvinotevera zvinofanira kushandiswa.
| Vehicle type | Nhamba yecharge-dicharge cycles pagore |
| Zvikamu M1 uye N1 | 60 |
| Category L | 20 |
| Zvikamu M2, M3, N2 uye N3 | 250 |
| Mamwe marudzi emotokari dzemagetsi | Zviri kumugadziri webhatiri kuti asarudze akanyatsokodzera pane ari pamusoro apa anoenderana nemashandisirwo emhando yemotokari kana mota inobatanidzwa bhatiri.. Kukosha kuchave zvinoruramiswa mune rakabudiswa shanduro ye carbon footprint study. |
c)Ynzeve dzekushandainotemerwa newaranti yekutengeserana maererano nemitemo inotevera:
- Nguva yewaranti pabhatiri mumakore inoshanda.
- Kana pasina waranti yakananga pabhatiri, asi waranti pamotokari iyo bhatiri ichashandiswa, kana zvikamu zvemotokari inosanganisira bhatiri, nguva yewaranti iyoyo inoshanda.
- Nenzira yekuzvidza mapoinzi i) uye ii), kana nguva yewaranti ichiratidzwa mumakore ese uye makiromita chero ipi yasvikwa pekutanga, iyo ipfupi nhamba yevaviri mumakore inoshanda. Nechinangwa ichi, shanduko ye20.000 km yakaenzana negore rimwe ichashandiswa kuti mabhatiri abatanidzwe mumotokari dzemagetsi; 5.000 km yakaenzana negore rimwe chete kuti mabhatiri abatanidzwe mumidhudhudhu; uye 60.000 km yakaenzana negore rimwe chete kuti mabhatiri abatanidzwe mumotokari dzepakati uye dzinorema.
- Kana bhatiri richishandiswa mumotokari dzakawanda uye mhedzisiro yenzira iri mupoindi ii) uye, pazvinenge zvakakodzera, iii) ingave yakasiyana pakati pemota idzodzo, iyo ipfupi mhedzisiro waranti inoshanda.
- Chete mawaranti ane chekuita nekusara kwesimba re70% yesimba rinoshandiswa rebhatiri mu kWh pakutanga kwehupenyu kana kukwira kweiyo kukosha kwayo kwekutanga kuchaverengerwa mumapoinzi i) kusvika iv). Warranti inobvisa zviripachena chero zvikamu zvega zvega zvakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka kwebhatiri kana zvinorambidza kushandiswa kana kuchengetwa kwebhatiri kunze kwemamiriro ari mukati mekushandiswa kwakajairika kwemabhatiri akadaro hazvizocherechedzwe mumapoinzi i) iv).
- Kana pasina waranti kana chete waranti isingaenderane nezvinodiwa pasi pechibodzwa (v), nhamba yemakore mashanu ichashandiswa, kunze kwezviitiko apo waranti isingashande, sekunge pasina kutamiswa kwemuridzi we bhatiri kana motokari, apo mugadziri webhatiri achatara huwandu hwemakore ekushanda uye ozvitsigira muvhezheni yeruzhinji yekabhoni footprint kudzidza.
Muganhu wehurongwa
(1) .Raw zvinhu kutora uye pre-kugadzirisa
Iyi nhanho yehupenyu inovhara zviitiko zvese pamberi peiyo huru yekugadzira chigadzirwa nhanho, kusanganisira:
l Kubviswa kwezviwanikwa kubva kune zvakasikwa uye kusati kwagadziriswa kusvika kushandiswa kwavo muzvikamu zvechigadzirwa zvinopinda nepagedhi renzvimbo yekutanga inowira pasi pechikamu chikuru chekugadzira chigadzirwa chehupenyu.
l Kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa uye zvigadzirwa zvepakati mukati, pakati uye kubva kudhirowa uye pre-kugadzirisa zvivakwa kusvika iyo yekutanga nzvimbo inowira pasi peiyo huru yekugadzirwa kwehupenyu kutenderera nhanho.
l Kugadzirwa kwecathode active material precursors, anode active material precursors, solvents ye electrolyte munyu, mapaipi uye fluid ye thermal conditioning system.
(2) .Main product production
Iyi nhanho yekutenderera kwehupenyu inovhara kugadzirwa kwebhatiri kusanganisira iyo yezvikamu zvese zviri mukati kana zvakabatanidzwa zvachose kune bhatiri imba. Iyi nhanho yekutenderera kwehupenyu inosanganisira zvinotevera zviitiko:
l Cathode inoshingaira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu;
l Anode inoshanda kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kusanganisira kugadzirwa kwegraphite uye yakaoma kabhoni kubva kune ayo anotangira;
l Anode uye cathode kugadzirwa, kusanganisira kusanganiswa kweingi zvikamu, kupfekedza inki pane vanounganidza, kuomesa, kalendari, uye kucheka;
l Kugadzirwa kweElectrolyte, kusanganisira iyo electrolyte munyu musanganiswa;
l Kuunganidza imba uye iyo thermal conditioning system;
l Kuunganidza zvikamu zvesero mubheteri sero, kusanganisira stacking / winding of electrodes uye separator, kuungana musero reimba kana pouch, jekiseni re electrolyte, kuvharwa kwesero, kuedza uye kugadzira magetsi;
l Kuunganidza masero mumamodule / pack kusanganisira magetsi / emagetsi zvikamu, dzimba, uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvikamu;
l Kuunganidza ma modules nemagetsi / emagetsi zvikamu, dzimba, uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvikamu mubhatiri rakapera;
l Kutakura mashandiro ezvekupedzisira uye zvepakati zvigadzirwa kuenda kunzvimbo yazvinoshandiswa;
(3).Kugovera
Iyi nhanho yehupenyu inovhara kutakurwa kwebhatiri kubva panzvimbo yekugadzira bhatiri kusvika pakuisa bhatiri pamusika. Kuchengeta mabasa hakuna kufukidzwa.
(4) .Kupera kwehupenyu uye kudzokorora
Iyi nhanho yekutenderera kwehupenyu inotanga apo bhatiri kana mota inosanganisirwa bhatiri inoraswa kana kuraswa nemushandisi uye inopera apo bhatiri rinenge radzoserwa kuzvisikwa semarara kana kupinda muhupenyu hwechimwe chigadzirwa seyakagadziriswazve. Iyi nhanho yekutenderera kwehupenyu inovhara zvishoma zviitwa zvinotevera:
l Kuunganidza marara ebhatiri;
l Kubvisa bhatiri;
l Thermal kana mechanical kurapwa, sekugaya kwemabhatiri emarara;
l Battery cell recycling yakadai sepyrometallurgical uye hydrometallurgical treatment;
l Kupatsanura uye kushandurwa kuita zvinhu zvakadzokororwa, sekudzoreredza kwealuminium kubva mubhokisi;
l Yakadhindwa wiring board (PWB) kudzokorodza;
l Simba kupora uye kuraswa.
Cherechedza: Mhedzisiro yekutakura kwemotokari yemarara kuenda kune inobvisa motokari, yekutakura kwemabhatiri emarara kubva kumotokari yemotokari kuenda kunzvimbo yekuparadzanisa, kwekutanga kurapwa kwemabhatiri emarara, sekubvisa kubva mumotokari, kubvisa. uye kurongedza, uye nekubvisa bhatiri uye zvikamu zvayo, hazvina kuvharwa.
Izvi zvinotevera hazvifukidzwe nechero nhanho dzehupenyu kutenderera:kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha, kusanganisira midziyo; kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekuputira; chero chikamu, senge cheiyo thermal conditioning system, isina panyama mukati kana yakabatanidzwa zvachose paimba; zvekubatsira zvekugadzira zvidyarwa zvisingaenderane zvakananga nemaitiro ekugadzira bhatiri, kusanganisira kupisa uye kuvhenekesa kwemakamuri ehofisi akabatana, masevhisi echipiri, maitiro ekutengesa, madhipatimendi ekutonga uye ekutsvagisa; kusangana kwebhatiri mukati memotokari.
Mutemo wekucheka:Kune izvo zvekushandisa pachikamu chesystem, yekupinda uye inobuda inoyerera ine isingasviki 1% misa inogona kuregeredzwa. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenzanisa, iyo misa yakashaikwa inoda kuwedzerwa kune yekupinza kuyerera kwezvinhu zvine yakanyanya kabhoni tsoka yekupa mupiro mune yakakodzera system zvikamu.
Iyo yakachekwa-yekuchekwa inogona kuiswa muyakagadziriswa yekutora zvinhu uye pre-kugadziridza hupenyu kutenderera nhanho uye mune chikuru chigadzirwa chekugadzirwa kwehupenyu kutenderera nhanho.
Pamusoro pezviri pamusoro, iyo dhizaini inosanganisirawo kuunganidza data zvinodiwa uye mhando zvinodiwa. Kana kuverenga kweiyo carbon footprint kwapera, ruzivo rwakakosha nezve kabhoni footprint kuverenga inodawo kupihwa kune vatengi uye vamwe vashandisi vekupedzisira. Ichaongororwa nekududzirwa zvakadzama mujenari remangwana.
Zvinodikanwa zvekabhoni footprint declaration
Mamiriro eiyo carbon footprint declaration inofanira kunge yakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, uine zvinotevera zvirimo:
l Mugadziri (kusanganisira zita, nhamba yekunyoresa ID kana chiratidzo chakanyoreswa)
l Battery modhi (chiziviso kodhi)
l Kero yemugadziri webhatiri
l Hupenyu kutenderera kabhoni tsoka (【huwandu】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)
Hupenyu kutenderera nhanho:
l Kutorwa kwezvinhu zvimbishi uye kufanogadziridzwa (【huwandu】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)
l Kugadzirwa kukuru kwechigadzirwa (【chiyero 】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)
l Kugovera (【chiyero 】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)
l Kupera kwehupenyu nekudzokorodza (【chiyero 】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)
l Identification nhamba yeEU declaration of conformity
l Webhu chinongedzo chinopa mukana kune yeruzhinji vhezheni yechidzidzo ichitsigira kabhoni tsoka tsoka (chero ruzivo rwekuwedzera)
Mhedziso
Mabhiri ese ari maviri achiri akavhurwa kuti vanhu vataure. European Commission yakaona kuti gwaro harisati ragamuchirwa kana kubvumidzwa. Gwaro rekutanga rinongova maonero ekutanga emabasa eKomisheni uye hazvifanirwe kutorwa sechiratidzo chezvinzvimbo zviri pamutemo zveKomisheni.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-07-2024