Background

Hurumende yeUS yakamisa nzira yakakwana uye yakasimba yekuwana misika yemotokari. Zvichienderana nemusimboti wekuvimba mumabhizinesi, madhipatimendi ehurumende haatarise maitiro ese echitupa uye kuyedzwa. Mugadziri anogona kusarudza nzira yakakodzera yekuzviitisa uye anozivisa kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa nemirairo. Basa guru rehurumende ndiyo post-supervision uye chirango.

Iyo US mota chitupa certification system inosanganisira zvinotevera zvitupa:

• DOT certification: Izvoinosanganisirakuchengetedzwa kwemotokari, kuchengetedza simba uye anti-kuba. Iyo inonyanya kutungamirwa neUS Dhipatimendi Rekutakura / National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Vagadziri vemotokari vanotaura kana vachisangana neFederal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) nekuzviongorora, uye hurumende inoshandisa post-supervision certification system.
• EPA certification: Iyo US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoita EPA certification pasi pesimba reClean Air Act. EPA certification inewo zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvekuzvipa chitupa. The certification inonyanya kunangwa nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
• CARB certification: CARB (California Air Resources Board) ndiyo yekutanga nyika muUS / pasirese kuburitsa emission standards kumota mota. Kupinda mumusika uyu kunoda mamwe emitemo yakaomesesa yezvakatipoteredza munyika. Kune mota dzakagadzirira kutengeswa kuCalifornia, vagadziri vanofanirwa kuwana yakaparadzana CARB chitupa.

DOT certification

Certification mvumo

Iyo US DOT ine basa rekugadzirisa zvekufambisa munyika yese, kusanganisira mota, gungwa uye kufambisa kwemhepo. Iyo NHTSA, dare riri pasi reDOT, ndiyo DOT yakatemerwa masimba ane mutoro wekumisikidza nekumanikidza FMVSS. Ndiyo chiremera chepamusoro chekuchengetedza motokari muhurumende yeUS.

DOT certification ndeye-self-certification (kuongororwa kwechigadzirwa nefekitari pachayo kana wechitatu bato, uye wozoisa chikumbiro neDOT). Mugadziri anoshandisa chero nzira dzakakodzera dzekupa chitupa, anochengeta marekodhi ebvunzo dzese panguva yekuzvipa chitupa, uye anoisa chiratidzo chechigarire panzvimbo yakatarwa yemotokari ichiti mota iyi inowirirana nemirairo yese yeFMVSS kana yabva mufekitori. Kupedzwa kwematanho ari pamusoro kunoratidza kupasa kweDOT certification, uye NHTSA haizobudise chero mavara kana zvitupa kumotokari kana michina.

Standard

Mitemo yeDOT inoshanda kumotokari yakakamurwa kuita tekinoroji uye manejimendi zvikamu. Mitemo yehunyanzvi ndeye FMVSS yakatevedzana, uye mirau yekutonga ndeye 49CFR50 yakatevedzana.

Kune mota dzemagetsi, pamusoro pekusangana nekupokana, kudzivirira kudhumhana uye zvimwe zviyero zvinoshanda kumotokari dzechinyakare, dzinofanirwawo kutevedzera FMVSS 305: kufashama kwe electrolyte uye kuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi kuvhunduka vasati vabata mucherechedzo weDOT zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemitemo.

FMVSS 305 inotsanangura kuchengetedza zvinodiwa pamotokari dzemagetsi panguva uye mushure mekuparara.

• Chikumbiro chekushandisa: Mota dzinotakura vanhu dzine simba rekushanda risingasviki 60 Vdc kana 30 Vac magetsi sesimba rekufambisa, uye motokari dzine zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, marori nemabhazi ane huremu hwehuremu husingadarike 4536 kg.
• Nzira yekuedza: Mushure mekukanganisa kwepamberi, kukanganiswa kweparutivi uye kumashure kwemotokari yemagetsi, kuwedzera pakusave nemagetsi ekupinda mukamuri yevatyairi, bhatiri rinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa munzvimbo uye harifanirwe kupinda mukamuri yevatakuri, uye zvinodiwa nemagetsi zvekuvhara. impedance inofanira kuva yakakura kudarika kukosha kwakajairika. Mushure mekuedzwa kwekuparara, iyo static roll bvunzo inoitwa pa90° pamupumburu wega wega kuratidza kuti electrolyte haidonhedze mukamuri yevafambi chero ipi zvayo yekona.

Dhipatimendi rekutarisa

Dhipatimendi repamusoro reDOT certification supervision iHofisi yeVehicle Safety Compliance (OVSC) pasi peNHTSA, iyo ichaita ongororo yemotokari nemidziyo gore rega rega. Muedzo wekuteerera uchaitwa murabhoritari yakabatana neOVSC. Kuzvipa chitupa kwemugadziri kucharatidza kushanda nekuyedza.

Rangarira manejimendi

NHTSA inoburitsa mwero wekuchengetedza mota uye inoda kuti vagadziri vayeuke mota nemidziyo ine hurema hune chekuita nekuchengetedza. Vatengi vanogona kupindura kukanganisa kwemotokari dzavo pane webhusaiti yeNHTSA. NHTSA inoongorora nekuongorora ruzivo rwakaunzwa nevatengi, uye kuona kana mugadziri achida kutanga kurangarira.

Mimwe mitemo

Pamusoro peiyo DOT certification, iyo US yemagetsi mota yekuongorora kuchengetedza system inosanganisira SAE zviyero, UL zviyero uye IIHS tsaona bvunzo, nezvimwe.

SAE

Sosaiti yeMotokari Engineers (SAE), yakavambwa muna 1905, ndiro sangano guru renyika redzidzo reinjiniya dzemotokari. Zvinhu zvekutsvagisa imotokari dzechinyakare, mota dzemagetsi, ndege, injini, zvinhu uye kugadzira. Mayero akagadzirwa neSAE ane chiremera uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya neindasitiri yemotokari nemamwe maindasitiri, uye chikamu chikuru chazvo chinogamuchirwa semitemo yenyika muUnited States. Iyo SAE inongoburitsa zviyero uye haina mhosva yekupihwa chitupa.

Mhedziso

Kuenzaniswa neEuropean Type Approval system, musika weUS wemotokari dzemagetsi une yakaderera chikumbaridzo chekupinda, njodzi yepamusoro yemutemo uye kuomesera musika kutariswa. Vakuru veUSkuitisa musikakuongorora gore negore. Uye kana kusatevedzwa kukawanikwa, chirango chichaiswa zvinoenderana ne49CFR 578 - CIVIL AND CRIMINAL ZVIRANGO. Kune yega yega mota kana mota yemidziyo purojekiti, kutyora kwega kwega kunokanganisa kuchengetedza kunoitika uye kutadza kwega kwega kana kuramba kuita zviito zvinodiwa nechero chikamu ichi kucharangwa. Chirango chepamusoro chehurumende chekutyora i$105 miriyoni. Kuburikidza nekuongorora pamusoro pezvinodiwa zveUS certification system, isu tinotarisira kubatsira mabhizinesi epamba kuti ave nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kweiyo yekuwana manejimendi system yemotokari uye zvikamu zvigadzirwa muUS, uye kubatsira kuzadzisa zviyero zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa, izvo zvinobatsira. kuvandudza musika weUS.