Kuchengetedzwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium kwagara kuri kunetseka muindasitiri. Nekuda kwechimiro chavo chakasarudzika uye yakaoma nharaunda yekushanda, kana tsaona yemoto yaitika, inokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwemidziyo, kurasikirwa kwemidziyo, uye kunyange kukuvara. Mushure mekunge moto we lithium bhatiri waitika, kuraswa kwacho kwakaoma, kunotora nguva yakareba, uye kazhinji kunosanganisira kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwemagasi ane chepfu. Naizvozvo, kudzimisa moto panguva yakakodzera kunogona kudzora zvinobudirira kupararira kwemoto, kudzivisa kupisa kwakanyanya, uye kupa nguva yakawanda yokuti vashandi vatize.

Munguva yekupisa kwekumhanya kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion, utsi, moto, uye kunyange kuputika kunowanzoitika. Naizvozvo, kudzora kupisa kwekutiza uye kupararira dambudziko rave dambudziko guru rinotarisana ne lithium bhatiri zvigadzirwa mukuita kwekushandisa. Kusarudza tekinoroji yekudzima moto kwakakodzera kunogona kudzivirira kupararira kwebhatiri thermal runaway, iyo inonyanya kukosha mukudzvinyirira moto kuitika.

Ichi chinyorwa chichasuma midziyo yekudzimisa moto uye nzira dzekudzima dziripo iye zvino pamusika, uye kuongorora zvakanakira nekuipira kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemoto.

Mhando dzeKudzimisa Moto

Parizvino, zvinodzimisa moto pamusika zvinonyanya kukamurwa kuva zvinodzima moto wegasi, zvinodzimisa moto zvine mvura, zvinodzimisa moto aerosol, uye pfuti dzakaoma dzemoto. Pazasi pane sumo kune macode uye maitiro ega ega ega echokudzimisa moto.

Perfluorohexane: Perfluorohexane yakanyorwa muPFAS inventory yeOECD uye US EPA. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kweperfluorohexane semugadziri wekudzima moto kunofanira kuenderana nemitemo yemunharaunda nemitemo uye kutaurirana nemasangano ekugadzirisa zvakatipoteredza. Sezvo zvigadzirwa zveperfluorohexane mukuparara kwemafuta ari greenhouse magasi, hazvina kukodzera kwenguva refu, yakakura-dose, inopfuurira spraying. Inokurudzirwa kuishandisa pamwe chete nemvura yekupfapfaidza system.

Trifluoromethane:Trifluoromethane agents anongogadzirwa nevashoma vanogadzira, uye hapana yakatarwa yenyika miyero inodzora rudzi urwu rweanodzima moto. Mari yekuchengetedza yakakwirira, saka kushandiswa kwayo hakukurudzirwi.

Hexafluoropropane:Ichi chinodzima chinoda kukanganisa midziyo kana midziyo panguva yekushandiswa, uye Global Warming Potential (GWP) yayo yakakwira zvakati. Nokudaro, hexafluoropropane inogona kushandiswa chete sechinhu chinopisa moto chinodzima moto.

Heptafluoropropane:Nekuda kweiyo greenhouse effect, iri kurambidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma nenyika dzakasiyana siyana uye ichatarisana nekubviswa. Parizvino, heptafluoropropane agents akaregwa, izvo zvinozotungamirira kumatambudziko mukuzadza zvirongwa zviripo heptafluoropropane panguva yekugadzirisa. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwayo hakukurudzirwi.

Inert Gasi:Kusanganisira IG 01, IG 100, IG 55, IG 541, pakati peiyo IG 541 inoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye inozivikanwa pasi rose seyakasvibira uye ine hushamwari hwekudzima moto mumiriri. Nekudaro, ine zvakaipira mutengo wekuvaka wepamusoro, kudiwa kwakanyanya kwemasilinda egasi, uye nzvimbo huru yekugara.

Mvura-Based Agent:Zvokudzimisa moto mhute yemvura zvakanaka zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye zvine mhedzisiro yekutonhodza yakanakisa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuti mvura ine hombe chaiyo yekupisa, iyo inogona kukurumidza kutora huwandu hukuru hwekupisa, kutonhodza iyo isina kubatwa inoshanda zvinhu mukati mebhatiri uye nekudaro ichitadzisa imwe tembiricha kukwira. Nekudaro, mvura inokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kukuru kumabhatiri uye haisi insulating, zvinotungamira kumabhatiri mapfupi maseketi.

Aerosol:Nekuda kwehushamwari hwayo kwezvakatipoteredza, kusiri muchetura, mutengo wakaderera, uye kugadzirisa kuri nyore, aerosol yave iyo inonyanya kudzima moto mumiriri. Nekudaro, iyo aerosol yakasarudzwa inofanirwa kutevedzera mirau yeUN uye mitemo yemuno nemirau, uye chemuno chenyika chigadzirwa chitupa chinodiwa. Nekudaro, maaerosols anoshaya kutonhora masimba, uye panguva yekushandisa kwavo, tembiricha yebhatiri inoramba yakakwira. Mushure mokunge mumiriri wekudzimisa moto amira kusunungura, bhatiri rinowanzoita kutonga.

Kubudirira Kwezvinodzimisa Moto

The State Key Laboratory yeFire Science paYunivhesiti yeScience uye Technology yeChina yakaita chidzidzo ichienzanisa moto unodzima migumisiro yeABC yakaoma poda, heptafluoropropane, mvura, perfluorohexane, uye CO2 zvinodzima moto pa38A lithium-ion bhatiri.

Moto Kudzima Maitiro Kuenzanisa

ABC yakaoma hupfu, heptafluoropropane, mvura, uye perfluorohexane zvose zvinogona kukurumidza kudzima moto webhatiri pasina kutonga. Nekudaro, CO2 fire extinguisher haigone kudzima moto webhatiri uye inogona kukonzera kutonga.

Kuenzanisa kweMoto Suppression Results

Mushure mekupisa kwekupisa, maitiro emabhatiri e-lithium pasi pechiito chezvinodzimisa moto anogona kukamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu: nhanho yekutonhora, nhanho yekukwira kwekushisa nekukurumidza, uye nhanho yekuderera kwekushisa.

Danho rekutangandiyo nhanho yekutonhodza, apo tembiricha yebhatiri inodzikira mushure mekudzima moto kwaburitswa. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zviviri:

• Battery venting: Pamberi pekupisa kwekutiza kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion, yakawanda alkanes uye CO2 gasi inoungana mukati mebhatiri. Apo bhatiri inosvika pakumanikidzika kwayo, valve yekuchengetedza inovhura, ichibudisa high-pressure gas. Iri gasi rinotakura zvinhu zvinoshanda mukati mebhatiri richipawo kumwe kutonhora kubhatiri.
• Mhedzisiro yemudziyo wekudzima moto: Kutonhodza kwechokudzimisa moto kunonyanya kubva muzvikamu zviviri: kunyudza kupisa panguva yekuchinja kwechikamu uye kemikari yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Phase shanduko yekupisa kupisa inobvisa zvakananga kupisa kunogadzirwa nebhatiri, nepo kemikari yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe inoderedza chizvarwa chekupisa nekukanganisa kuita kwemakemikari. Mvura ine inonyanya kukosha yekutonhodza nekuda kwekupisa kwayo kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti itore huwandu hwakawanda hwekupisa nekukurumidza. Perfluorohexane inotevera, nepo HFC-227ea, CO2, uye ABC poda yakaoma hairatidzi maitiro makuru ekutonhora, ayo ane chokuita nemasikirwo uye nzira yezvidzimiso zvemoto.

Danho rechipiri ndiyo nhanho yekukurumidza kukwira tembiricha, apo tembiricha yebhatiri inokwira nekukurumidza kubva paukoshi hwayo hudiki kusvika pakakwirira. Sezvo zvinodzimisa moto zvisingakwanise kumisa kuparara zvachose mukati mebhatiri, uye zvinodzimisa moto zvakawanda zvine mhedzisiro yekutonhodza, tembiricha yebhatiri inoratidza kukwira kwakati kwakamira kune zvakasiyana. Munguva pfupi, tembiricha yebhatiri inokwira kusvika pakakwirira.

Muchikamu chino, pane musiyano mukuru mukushanda kwezvinodzimisa moto zvakasiyana mukudzivisa kukwira kwekushisa kwebhatiri. Kubudirira mukudzika kurongeka imvura> perfluorohexane> HFC-227ea> ABC yakaoma poda> CO2. Kana tembiricha yebhatiri ichikwira zvishoma nezvishoma, inopa imwe nguva yekupindura yeyambiro yemoto webhatiri uye yakawanda yekupindura nguva yevashandisi.

Mhedziso

1. CO2: Zvokudzimisa moto zvakaita seCO2, izvo zvinonyanya kuita nekudzipwa uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, zvine hurombo hwekudzivirira pamoto webhatiri. Muchidzidzo ichi, zviitiko zvakakomba zvekutonga zvakaitika ne CO2, zvichiita kuti isakodzere kupisa kwe lithium bhatiri.
2. ABC Dry Powder / HFC-227ea: ABC yakaoma poda uye HFC-227ea zvinodzimisa moto, izvo zvinonyanya kuita kuburikidza nekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kudzvinyirirwa kwemakemikari, zvinogona kuvharira kuita kweketani mukati mebhatiri kusvika pamwero wakati. Vane mhedzisiro iri nani zvishoma pane CO2, asi sezvo vasina kutonhorera zvinokonzeresa uye havagone kuvharira zvachose maitiro emukati mubhatiri, tembiricha yebhatiri ichiri kukwira nekukurumidza mushure mekudzima moto kwaburitswa.
3. Perfluorohexane: Perfluorohexane haingovhari mabhatiri emukati chete asiwo inotora kupisa kuburikidza nemhepo. Naizvozvo, iyo inhibitory mhedzisiro pamoto webhatiri iri nani zvakanyanya pane zvimwe zvinodzima moto.
4. Mvura: Pakati pezvese zvinodzima moto, mvura ine yakanyanya kudzima moto. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuti mvura ine hombe chaiyo yekupisa, ichiibvumira kukurumidza kutora huwandu hukuru hwekupisa. Izvi zvinotonhodza zvinhu zvisingabatike zviri mukati mebhatiri, nokudaro zvichitadzisa kuwedzera tembiricha. Nekudaro, mvura inokonzera kukuvadza kwakakura kumabhatiri uye haina insulation effect, saka kushandiswa kwayo kunofanira kungwarira zvakanyanya.

Tinofanira Kusarudza Chii?

Isu takaongorora masisitimu ekudzivirira moto anoshandiswa nevazhinji vagadziri vemagetsi ekuchengetedza simba parizvino pamusika, vachinyanya kushandisa zvinotevera zvinodzima moto mhinduro:

• Perfluorohexane + Mvura
• Aerosol + Mvura

Zvinogona kuonekwa kutisynergistic fire extinguishing agents ndiwo maitiro makuru evagadziri ve lithium bhatiri. Kutora Perfluorohexane + Mvura semuenzaniso, Perfluorohexane inogona kukurumidza kudzima mirazvo yakavhurika, ichifambisa kusangana kwemhute yakanaka yemvura nebhatiri, nepo mhute yemvura yakanaka inogona kunyatsoitonhodza. Kushandirapamwe kushanda kune zvirinani kudzima moto uye kutonhora mhedzisiro zvichienzaniswa nekushandisa imwe chete yekudzima moto mumiriri. Parizvino, EU's New Battery Regulation inoda kuti mazita ebhatiri emunguva yemberi asanganise anowanikwa ekudzimisa moto. Vagadziri vanofanirwawo kusarudza iyo yakakodzera yekudzima moto mumiriri zvichienderana nezvigadzirwa zvavo, mirau yenzvimbo, uye kushanda.