Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) matekinoroji akashandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana kwemakore akawanda kutsigira kuenderera mberi kwekushanda kwemitoro yakakosha panguva yekukanganiswa kwesimba kubva kune grid. Aya masisitimu akashandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasiyana kupa humwe hudziviriro kubva mukukanganisika kwegridi kunokanganisa kushanda kwemitoro yakatsanangurwa. UPS masisitimu anowanzo shandiswa kuchengetedza makomputa, zvivakwa zvemakomputa uye midziyo yekufonera. Nekushanduka kwechangobva kuitika kwesimba idzva remagetsi, masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba (ESS) akawedzera nekukurumidza. ESS, kunyanya ayo anoshandisa bhatiri tekinoroji, anowanzo kupihwa neanovandudzwa masosi senge solar kana mhepo simba uye inogonesa kuchengetedza kwesimba rinogadzirwa neaya masosi kuti rishandiswe panguva dzakasiyana.

Ikozvino US ANSI chiyero cheUPS ndeye UL 1778, iyo Yakajairwa YeUsingapindiki Masimba Masisitimu. uye CSA-C22.2 No. 107.3 yeCanada. UL 9540, iyo Yakajairwa yeMagetsi Ekuchengetedza Masisitimu uye Equipment, ndiyo yeAmerica neCanada chiyero chenyika cheESS. Nepo zvese zviri zviviri zvakakura zvigadzirwa zveUPS uye inokurumidza kubuda ESS inogadzirwa ine zvimwe zvakafanana muhunyanzvi mhinduro, mashandiro uye kuisirwa, pane zvakakosha mutsauko. Iri bepa richaongorora misiyano yakakosha, tsanangura zvinoshanda zvekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvinodiwa zvine chekuita neimwe uye nekupfupisa kuti macode ari kubuda sei mukugadzirisa ese ari maviri emhando yekuisa.

KusumaUPS

Kuumbwa

A UPS sisitimu igetsi system yakagadzirirwa kupa nekukurumidza kuchinjika-yazvino-yakavakirwa simba remitoro yakaoma kana gidhi remagetsi kutadza kana mamwe mains simba sosi yekutadza modes. Iyo UPS yakakura kuti ipe kuenderera kwekukurumidza kwehuwandu hwakatemerwa hwesimba kwenguva yakati. Izvi zvinobvumira yechipiri magetsi sosi, semuenzaniso, jenareta, kuuya online uye kuenderera nekuchengetedza simba. Iyo UPS inogona kuvhara zvakachengeteka mitoro isingakoshi ichiramba ichipa simba kune akakosha emidziyo mitoro. UPS masisitimu anga achipa iyi yakakosha tsigiro yeakasiyana maapplication kwemakore mazhinji. UPS ichashandisa simba rakachengetwa kubva kune yakabatanidzwa simba sosi. Iri rinowanzo bhatiri bhangi, supercapacitor kana mechanic kufamba kweflywheel sesimba sosi.

Iyo yakajairwa UPS inoshandisa bhatiri bhangi pakugovera kwayo ine zvinotevera zvakakosha zvikamu:

Rectifier / charger - Ichi chikamu cheUPS chinotora iyo AC mains supply, inogadzirisa uye inogadzira DC voltage inoshandiswa kuchaja mabhatiri.

• Inverter - Muchiitiko chekutadza kwekupa mains, iyo inverter inoshandura iyo DC simba rakachengetwa mumabhatiri kuita yakachena AC simba kubuda kwakakodzera kune inotsigirwa michina.

• Shandura chinja - Chishandiso chekuchinja chiri otomatiki uye pakarepo chinotamisa simba kubva kune kwakasiyana siyana, semuenzaniso mains, UPS inverter uye jenareta, kune mutoro wakakomba.

• Bhangi rebhatiri - Rinochengeta simba rinodiwa kuti UPS iite basa rayo rakatarisirwa.

Zviyero zvazvino yeUPS masisitimu

• Ikozvino US ANSI standard yeUPS ndeye UL 1778/C22.2 No. 107.3, iyo Standard for Uninterruptible Power Systems, iyo inotsanangura UPS se "musanganiswa wezvishanduri, switch, uye midziyo yekuchengetedza simba (senge mabhatiri) inoumba simba. hurongwa hwekuchengetedza kuenderera kwesimba kumutoro kana kutadza kwemagetsi ekupinza."

• Pasi pekuvandudzwa kune zvinyorwa zvitsva zveIEC 62040-1 uye IEC 62477-1. UL/CSA 62040-1 (ichishandisa UL/CSA 62477-1 sereferensi Chiyero) ichawiriraniswa nezviyero izvi.

Kusuma kuchengetedza simba masisitimu (ESS)

ESSs vari kuwana traction semhinduro kune akati wandei matambudziko akatarisana nekuwanikwa uye

kuvimbika mumusika wesimba wanhasi. ESS, kunyanya avo vanoshandisa matekinoroji ebhatiri, vanobatsira kudzikisira kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa zvinogonekazve senge solar kana mhepo simba. ESS ndiyo sosi yesimba rakavimbika panguva dzepamusoro dzekushandisa uye inogona kubatsira nekutakura mutoro, shanduko yemagetsi uye mamwe mabasa ane chekuita negridi. ESS inoshandiswa kune zvekushandisa, zvekutengesa, zvemaindasitiri uye zvekugara.

Zviyero zvazvino zveESS

UL 9540, iyo Yakajairwa yeMagetsi Ekuchengetedza Masisitimu uye Equipment, ndiyo yeAmerica neCanada chiyero chenyika cheESS.

• Kutanga kuburitswa muna 2016, UL 9540 inosanganisira akawanda matekinoroji eESS kusanganisira bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu (BESS). UL 9540 inovharawo mamwe matekinoroji ekuchengetedza: mechaniki ESS, semuenzaniso, kuchengeterwa kwendege kwakapetwa nejenareta, kemikari ESS, semuenzaniso, hydrogen chengetedzo yakapetwa nefuel cell system, uye yekupisa ESS, semuenzaniso, yakadzika yekupisa kuchengetedza yakabatanidzwa nejenareta.
• UL 9540, chinyorwa chayo chechipiri chinotsanangura sisitimu yekuchengetera simba se "Chishandiso chinogashira simba uye chobva chapa nzira yekuchengeta iro simba mune imwe nzira kuti rizoshandiswa gare gare kuitira kupa simba remagetsi parinodiwa." Iyo yechipiri edition yeUL 9540 zvakare inoda kuti BESS ive pasi pe UL 9540A, iyo Standard Test Method yeKuongorora Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation muBattery Energy Storage Systems, kana zvichidikanwa kusangana nezvisizvo mumakodhi.
• UL 9540 parizvino iri muchinyorwa chayo chechitatu.

Kuenzanisa ESS neUPS

Mabasa uye dimension

Iyo ESS yakafanana mukuvaka kune UPS asi inosiyana mukushandiswa kwayo. Kufanana neUPS, ESS inosanganisira simba rekuchengetedza simba semabhatiri, magetsi ekushandura magetsi, semuenzaniso, inverters, uye mamwe akasiyana emagetsi uye zvidzoro. Kusiyana neUPS, zvisinei, ESS inogona kushanda pamwe chete negridi, izvo zvinoguma nekukurisa bhasikoro rehurongwa kupfuura yaizomboita UPS. Iyo ESS inokwanisa kubatirana yakabatana negridi kana mune yakamira modhi, kana zvese zviri zviviri, zvichienderana nerudzi rwesimba rekushandura system rinoshandiswa. Iyo ESS inogona kutoshanda seUPS mashandiro. Kufanana neUPS, ESS inogona kuuya muhukuru hwakasiyana kubva kudiki rekugara sisitimu iri pasi pe20 kWh yesimba kune yekushandisa yekushandisa uchishandisa akawanda-megawatt emagetsi emidziyo masisitimu ane akawanda mabhatiri racks mukati memudziyo.

Kuumbwa kwemakemikari uye kuchengeteka

Iwo akajairwa bhatiri chemistries anoshandiswa muUPS agara ari lead-asidhi kana nickel-cadmium mabhatiri. Kusiyana neUPS, BESS inoshandisa matekinoroji akadai semabhatiri e-lithium-ion kubva pakutanga nekuti mabhatiri e-lithium-ion ane zvirinani kutenderera kwekuita uye huwandu hwesimba hwepamusoro, hunogona kupa simba rakawanda mune diki tsoka yemuviri. Lithium-ion mabhatiri ane zvakare yakaderera zvakanyanya kugadzirisa zvinodiwa pane echinyakare bhatiri tekinoroji. Asi parizvino, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion ari kuwedzera kushandiswa mumashandisirwo eUPS.

Nekudaro, tsaona yakakomba muArizona muna 2019 inosanganisira ESS inoshandiswa mukushandiswa kwekushandisa yakakonzera kukuvara kwakakomba kune vakati wandei vekutanga vanopindura uye yakakwezva kutarisisa kwevatambi vakasiyana, kusanganisira vanodzora uye masangano einishuwarenzi. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti munda uyu uri kukura hautadziswe nezviitiko zvekuchengetedza zvinodzivirirwa, maratidziro akakodzera uye zviyero zvinoda kuvandudzwa zveESS. Kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwezviyero zvekuchengetedza zvakakodzera uye zviyero zveESS, Dhipatimendi reMagetsi reUS (DOE) rakatanga musangano wekutanga wepagore weESS Kuchengetedzeka uye Kuvimbika muna 2015.

Yekutanga DOE ESS Foramu yakabatsira kune yakakura yakawanda yebasa pane ESS yakatarwa uye zviyero. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuvandudzwa kweNEC Nhamba 706 uye kuvandudzwa kweNFPA 855, chiyero chekugadzirisa simba rekuchengetedza magetsi, iyo inobata zvakananga chiyero chemaitiro emabhatiri akamira muICC IFC neNFPA 1. Nhasi, NEC neNFPA 855 vane zvakare yakagadziridzwa kune 2023 shanduro.

Mamiriro azvino eESS uye UPS zviyero

Chinangwa chemitemo yese uye zviitiko zvekusimudzira zviyero ndezvekugadzirisa zvakakwana kuchengetedzwa kweaya masisitimu. Nehurombo, zviyero zvazvino zvakagadzira kuvhiringidzika muindasitiri.

1.NFPA 855. Gwaro rinokosha rinokanganisa kuiswa kweBESS neUPS i2020 version yeNFPA 855, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems. NFPA 855 inotsanangura kuchengetedza kwesimba se "gungano remudziyo mumwe kana kupfuura unokwanisa kuchengetedza simba rekushandisa mune ramangwana kumagetsi emuno, magidhi ekushandisa, kana gidhi rutsigiro." Tsanangudzo iyi inosanganisira zvikumbiro zveUPS neESS. Pamusoro pezvo, NFPA 855 uye macode emoto zvinoda kuti maESS aongororwe uye abvumidzwe kuUL 9540. Zvisineyi, UL 1778 yagara iri tsika yechigadzirwa chekuchengetedza chiyero cheUPS. Iyo sisitimu yakaongororwa yakazvimirira kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza uye inotsigira kuisirwa kwakachengeteka. Naizvozvo, chinodiwa cheUL 9540 chakonzera imwe nyonganiso muindasitiri iyi.

2. UL 9540A. UL 9540A inoda kutanga kubva padanho rebhatiri uye yekuyedza nhanho nhanho kusvika yapfuura yekuisa nhanho. Izvi zvinodikanwa zvinoita kuti masisitimu eUPS ave pasi pezviyero zvekushambadzira izvo zvaisadiwa kare.

3.UL 1973. UL 1973 ndiyo chiyero chekuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri yeESS neUPS. Nekudaro, iyo UL 1973-2018 vhezheni haisanganisi yekuyedza mabhatiri e-lead-asidhi, izvo zvinonetsawo kune masisitimu eUPS anoshandisa tekinoroji yebhatiri yechinyakare senge lead-acid mabhatiri.

Summary

Parizvino, NEC (National Electrical Code) neNFPA 855 dziri kujekesa tsananguro idzi.

• Semuenzaniso, iyo 2023 vhezheni yeNFPA 855 inojekesa kuti chaiyo lead-asidhi uye nickel-cadmium mabhatiri (600 V kana pasi) akanyorwa muUL 1973.
• Pamusoro pezvo, lead-asidi bhatiri masisitimu akasimbiswa uye akamakwa zvinoenderana neUL 1778 haidi kupihwa chitupa zvinoenderana neUL 9540 kana ichishandiswa semagetsi ekuchengetedza.

Kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushaikwa kweyedzo miyero yemabhatiri e-lead-acid uye nickel-cadmium muUL 1973, Appendix H (Ongorora dzimwe nzira dzevhavha-inodzorwa kana mhepo inotungamira-asidhi kana nickel-cadmium mabhatiri) yakanyatsowedzerwa kune chinyorwa chechitatu cheUL 1973 chakaburitswa muna Kukadzi 2022.

Shanduko idzi dzinomiririra budiriro yakanaka kuitira kusiyanisa zvakachengetedzeka zvekuisa zvinodiwa zveUPS neESS. Rimwe basa rinosanganisira kuvandudza NEC Chinyorwa 480 kuti ive nani kero yekuisa zvinodiwa zvetekinoroji kunze kwelead-acid uye nickel-cadmium. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo NFPA 855 yakajairwa inoda kuvandudzwa kuti ipe kujekeswa kukuru pamirau yekudzivirira moto, kunyanya maererano neakasiyana matekinoroji anoshandiswa mumashandisirwo akamira, angave ari UPS kana ESS.

Munyori anotarisira kuti kuchinja kunoenderera mberi kuchavandudza kuchengetedzwa kweindastiri, pasinei nokuti tsika yeUPS kana ESS inoshandiswa. Sezvatinoona mhinduro dzekuchengetedza simba dzichiwanda munzira dzakakosha uye nekukurumidza, kugadzirisa kuchengetedzwa kwemukati kwezvigadzirwa kwakakosha kuvhura hunyanzvi hwekuchengetedza uye kusangana nezvinodiwa nenharaunda.