Parizvino, njodzi dzakawanda dzekuchengetedza mabhatiri e-lithium-ion dzinoitika nekuda kwekukundikana kwekuchengetedzwa kwedunhu, izvo zvinoita kuti bhatiri inopisa inopisa uye inokonzera moto uye kuputika.Naizvozvo, kuti uone kushandiswa kwakachengeteka kwelithium bhatiri, dhizaini yekudzivirira yedunhu inonyanya kukosha, uye marudzi ese ezvikonzero zvinokonzeresa kutadza kwe lithium bhatiri zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa.Pamusoro pemaitiro ekugadzira, kutadza kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuchinja kwekunze kwemamiriro ekunze, sekuwedzeredza-chaji, kuburitsa zvakanyanya uye tembiricha.Kana aya maparamendi akatariswa munguva chaiyo uye anoenderana matanho ekudzivirira anozotorwa kana achinja, kuitika kwekupisa kwekupisa kunogona kudziviswa.Iyo yekuchengetedza dhizaini yelithium bhatiri inosanganisira akati wandei maficha: kusarudzwa kwesero, dhizaini dhizaini uye inoshanda kuchengetedza dhizaini yeBMS.

Kusarudzwa kwesero

Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwesero uko kusarudzwa kwesero zvinhu ndiyo hwaro.Nekuda kweakasiyana emakemikari zvivakwa, kuchengetedza kunosiyana mune akasiyana cathode zvinhu zve lithium bhatiri.Semuenzaniso, lithium iron phosphate yakaita seolivine, iyo inenge yakagadzikana uye isiri nyore kudonha.Lithium cobaltate uye lithium ternary, zvisinei, akaturikidzana chimiro chiri nyore kudonha.Separator kusarudzwa kunokoshawo zvikuru, sezvo kushanda kwayo kwakabatana zvakananga nekuchengetedzwa kwesero.Naizvozvo mukusarudzwa kwesero, kwete mishumo yekuona chete asiwo maitiro ekugadzira emugadziri, zviwanikwa uye ma parameter azvo zvinotariswa.

Chimiro chekugadzira

Chimiro chekugadzira bhatiri chinonyanya kufunga zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira uye kupisa kupisa.

• Insulation zvinodiwa zvinowanzobatanidza zvinhu zvinotevera: Insulation pakati pezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrode;Insulation pakati pesero uye yakavharirwa;Insulation pakati pedanda tabs uye yakavharirwa;PCB yemagetsi spacing uye creepage kureba, yemukati wiring dhizaini, dhizaini yekugadzika, nezvimwe.
• Kubvisa kupisa kwakanyanya kune mamwe makuru ekuchengetedza simba kana mabhatiri ekudhonza.Nekuda kwesimba rakawanda remabhatiri aya, kupisa kunogadzirwa pakuchaja nekuburitsa kwakakura.Kana kupisa kusingagoni kupera nenguva, kupisa kunounganidza uye kunoguma nenjodzi.Naizvozvo, kusarudzwa uye dhizaini yezvakavharirwa zvinhu (Inofanirwa kuve nehumwe simba remagetsi uye inodzivirira guruva uye isingapinde mvura zvinodiwa), kusarudzwa kwegadziriro yekutonhora uye kumwe kupisa kwemukati wekupisa, kupisa kupisa uye hurongwa hwekudzima moto hunofanirwa kuverengerwa.

Pakusarudzwa uye kushandiswa kwebhatiri yekutonhodza system, ndapota tarisa kune yakamboburitswa.

Inoshanda kuchengetedza dhizaini

Izvo zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvimiro zvinotarisa kuti izvo zvinhu hazvigone kudzikamisa yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa voltage.Kana iyo yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa voltage ichipfuura iyo yakatemerwa huwandu, inokonzeresa kukuvara kusingachinjike kune lithium bhatiri.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuwedzera dunhu rekudzivirira kuchengetedza voltage uye ikozvino yemukati sero mune yakajairika mamiriro kana lithium bhatiri iri kushanda.Kune BMS yemabhatiri, mabasa anotevera anodiwa:

• Kuchaja pamusoro pekudzivirira kwemagetsi: kuwandisa ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekutiza kwemafuta.Mushure mekuwandisa, iyo cathode zvinhu inodonha nekuda kwekuwanda kwe lithium ion kuburitswa, uye iyo yakaipa electrode ichavawo ne lithium precipitation inoitika, izvo zvinotungamira kudzikira kwekudzikama kwekupisa uye kuwedzera kwemaside reaction, ayo ane njodzi inogona kuitika yekupisa kwekupisa.Naizvozvo, zvinonyanya kukosha kutema ikozvino munguva mushure mekuchaja kwasvika kune yepamusoro muganhu voltage yesero.Izvi zvinoda kuti BMS ive nebasa rekuchaja pamusoro pekudzivirira kwemagetsi, kuitira kuti voltage yesero igare yakachengetwa mukati memuganho wekushanda.Zvingave zviri nani kuti vhoriyamu yekudzivirira haisi kukosha kwehuwandu uye inosiyana zvakanyanya, sezvo inogona kukonzera bhatiri kutadza kugura ikozvino munguva kana yazara chaji, zvichikonzera kuwandisa.Iyo yekudzivirira voltage yeBMS inowanzo gadzirwa kuti ive yakafanana kana kuderera zvishoma pane yekumusoro voltage yesero.
• Kuchaja pamusoro pedziviriro yazvino: Kuchaja bhatiri rine ikozvino kupfuura chaji kana muganhu wekuburitsa zvinogona kukonzera kupisa kuunganidza.Kana kupisa kwakawanda kunyungudutsa diaphragm, inogona kukonzera mukati mepfupi wedunhu.Naizvozvo kuchaja nenguva pamusoro pedziviriro iripo zvakare kwakakosha.Isu tinofanirwa kutarisisa kuti pamusoro pedziviriro yazvino haigone kuve yakakwira kupfuura sero ikozvino kushivirira mukugadzira.
• Discharge pasi pekudzivirira kwevoltiji: Yakakurisa kana kuti idiki voltage inokuvadza kushanda kwebhatiri.Kuramba kuchibuda pasi pevoltage kuchaita kuti mhangura iwedzere uye iyo yakaipa electrode idonha, saka kazhinji bhatiri rinenge richibuda pasi pekudzivirira kwemagetsi.
• Discharge pamusoro pekudzivirirwa kwazvino: Yakawanda yePCB yekuchaja uye kuburitsa kuburikidza neiyo yakafanana interface, mune iyi kesi kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa kudzivirira ikozvino kunoenderana.Asi mamwe mabhatiri, kunyanya mabhatiri ezvishandiso zvemagetsi, kukurumidza kutengesa uye mamwe marudzi emabhatiri anoda kushandisa mabheti makuru emazuva ano kana kutengesa, ikozvino haipindirani panguva ino, saka zviri nani kutengesa uye kubudisa mumagetsi maviri ekugadzirisa.
• Kudzivirirwa kwedunhu pfupi: Bhatiri pfupi dunhu zvakare ndeimwe yeanowanzo zvikanganiso.Kumwe kudhumhana, kusashandisa zvisizvo, kusvina, kuda, kupindira kwemvura, nezvimwe, zviri nyore kuunza pfupi pfupi.Dutu redunhu rinobva ragadzira yakakura discharge current, zvichikonzera kukwira kwakanyanya kwebhatiri tembiricha.Panguva imwecheteyo, nhevedzano ye electrochemical reactions inowanzoitika musero mushure mekunze kwedunhu pfupi, izvo zvinotungamira kune dzakateedzana exothermic reactions.Kudzivirirwa kwedunhu pfupi zvakare rudzi rwepamusoro pekudzivirira ikozvino.Asi iyo pfupi yedunhu ikozvino ichave isingagumi, uye kupisa uye kukuvadza zvakare kusingagumi, saka kuchengetedzwa kunofanirwa kuve kwakanyanya uye kunogona kukonzeresa.Akajairika mapfupi ekudzivirira ekudzivirira matanho anosanganisira macontactor, fuse, mos, nezvimwe.
• Pamusoro pekudzivirira tembiricha: Bhatiri rinonzwa kune ambient tembiricha.Kunyanya kupisa kana kuderera zvakanyanya kuchakanganisa kushanda kwayo.Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuchengetedza bhatiri kushanda mukati metembiricha yemuganhu.Iyo BMS inofanirwa kunge iine tembiricha yekudzivirira basa kumisa bhatiri kana tembiricha yakanyanya kana kuderera.Inogona kutopatsanurwa kuita tembiricha yekudzivirira uye yekuburitsa tembiricha yekudzivirira, nezvimwe.
• Basa rekuenzanisa: Kunotibhuku uye mamwe mabhatiri akawanda-akatevedzana, pane kusawirirana pakati pemasero nekuda kwekusiyana kwemaitiro ekugadzira.Semuenzaniso, mamwe masero ekupikisa kwemukati akakura kupfuura mamwe.Kusawirirana uku kuchawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma pasi pesimba rekunze kwekunze.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuve nechiyero chekutonga basa kuita chiyero chesero.Kazhinji kune marudzi maviri ekuenzana:

1.Passive balancing: Shandisa hardware, yakadai semagetsi comparator, uye zvino shandisa kushorwa kwekushisa kupisa kuti usunungure simba rakawandisa rebheteri yepamusoro.Asi simba rekushandisa rakakura, kukurumidza kwekuenzanisa kunononoka, uye kushanda kwakaderera.

2.Active balancing: shandisa capacitors kuchengetedza simba remasero ane simba rakakwirira uye rinobudisa kune sero rine simba rakaderera.Nekudaro, kana mutsauko wekumanikidza pakati pemaseru ari padhuze uri mudiki, nguva yekuenzanisa yakareba, uye iyo yakaenzana voltage chikumbaridzo inogona kusetwa zvakanyanya kuchinjika.

Standard kusimbiswa

Pakupedzisira, kana iwe uchida kuti mabhatiri ako abudirire kupinda mumusika wepasirese kana wepamba, iwo zvakare anofanirwa kusangana nemaitiro ane hukama kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri re lithium-ion.Kubva kumasero kuenda kumabhatiri uye zvigadzirwa zvekugamuchira zvinofanirwa kusangana zvinoenderana nemitemo yebvunzo.Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa pane zvemukati bhatiri kuchengetedzwa zvinodiwa zvemagetsi IT zvigadzirwa.

GB 31241-2022

Iyi chiyero ndeye mabhatiri emidziyo yemagetsi inotakurika.Inonyanya kufunga nezvetemu 5.2 yakachengeteka kushanda parameters, 10.1 kusvika 10.5 kuchengetedza zvinodiwa zvePCM, 11.1 kusvika 11.5 kuchengetedza zvinodiwa pane system kuchengetedza wedunhu (apo bhatiri pacharo risina dziviriro), 12.1 uye 12.2 zvinodiwa zvekuenderana, uye Appendix A (yezvinyorwa) .

u Term 5.2 inoda yesero uye bhatiri paramita inofanirwa kufananidzwa, iyo inogona kunzwisiswa seyekushanda paramita yebhatiri haifanirwe kudarika huwandu hwemasero.Nekudaro, maparamita ekudzivirira bhatiri anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti bhatiri rinoshanda paramita haripfuure huwandu hwemasero?Kune manzwisisiro akasiyana, asi kubva pamaonero ekuchengetedza dhizaini yebhatiri, mhinduro ndihongu.Semuenzaniso, iyo yakanyanya kuchaja ikozvino yesero (kana sero block) ndeye 3000mA, iyo yakanyanya kushanda ikozvino yebhatiri haifanirwe kudarika 3000mA, uye yekudzivirira ikozvino yebhatiri inofanirwawo kuve nechokwadi chekuti ikozvino mukuita yekuchaja haifanire kudarika. 3000mA.Nenzira iyi chete tinogona kudzivirira zvinobudirira uye kudzivirira njodzi.Nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwezvidziviriro zvekudzivirira, tapota tarisa kune Appendix A. Inotarisa parameter dhizaini yesero - bhatiri - host in kushandiswa, iyo yakawanda yakazara.

u Kune mabhatiri ane dunhu redziviriro, 10.1 ~ 10.5 bhatiri yekudzivirira yedunhu rekuchengetedza bvunzo inodiwa.Ichi chitsauko chinonyanyo ongorora kuchaja pamusoro pekudzivirira kwemagetsi, kuchaja pamusoro pedziviriro yazvino, kuburitsa pasi pekudzivirira kwemagetsi, kuburitsa pamusoro pedziviriro yazvino uye kuchengetedzwa kwedunhu pfupi.Izvi zvakataurwa pamusoro apaFunctional Safety Designuye zvinokosha zvinodiwa.GB 31241 inoda kutariswa ka500 nguva.

u Kana bhatiri risina dunhu rekudzivirira rakadzivirirwa nechaja kana mudziyo wekupedzisira, bvunzo yekudzivirira ye11.1 ~ 11.5 system yekudzivirira yedunhu ichaitwa neyekunze kudzivirira mudziyo.Voltage, ikozvino uye tembiricha kutonga kwechaji uye kuburitsa zvinonyanya kuongororwa.Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti, kana zvichienzaniswa nemabhatiri ane masero ekudzivirira, mabhatiri asina masero ekudzivirira anogona kuvimba chete nekuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo mukushandiswa chaiko.Ngozi yakakwira, saka iyo yakajairika mashandiro uye imwechete kukanganisa mamiriro anozoongororwa zvakasiyana.Izvi zvinomanikidza mudziyo wekupedzisira kuti uve nedziviriro mbiri;kana zvikasadaro haigoni kukunda bvunzo muChitsauko 11.

u Pakupedzisira, kana paine akawanda akateedzana maseru mubhatiri, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve chiitiko chekusagadzikana kuchaja.Muedzo wekuenderana wechitsauko 12 unodiwa.Iyo chiyero uye mutsauko wekudzivirira kudzvanywa mabasa ePCB anonyanya kuongororwa pano.Iri basa haridiwe kune rimwe-sero mabhatiri.

GB 4943.1-2022

Iyi chiyero ndeyezvigadzirwa zveAV.Nekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinofambiswa nebhatiri, iyo itsva vhezheni yeGB 4943.1-2022 inopa zvakanangana zvinodikanwa zvebhatiri muAppendix M, kuongorora michina ine mabhatiri uye maseketi ekudzivirira.Zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwedunhu rekuchengetedza bhatiri, zvimwe zvekuchengetedza zvinodiwa zvemidziyo ine yechipiri lithium mabhatiri akawedzerwa.

u Yechipiri lithium bhatiri yekudzivirira circuit inonyanya kuongorora kudarika-kubhadhara, kudarika-kubudiswa, kutengesa reverse, kutengesa kuchengetedza kuchengetedza (tembiricha), kuchengetedzwa kwemhepo shoma, nezvimwewo. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti iyi miedzo yose inoda kukanganisa kumwe chete munharaunda yekudzivirira.Ichi chinodiwa hachina kutaurwa muyero yebhatiri GB 31241. Saka mukugadzirwa kwebhatiri yekudzivirira basa, tinoda kusanganisa zvinodiwa zvakajairwa zvebhatiri uye muenzi.Kana bhatiri iine dziviriro imwe chete uye isina zvigadziriso zvisingaverengeki, kana bhatiri isina dunhu redziviriro uye dunhu redziviriro rinopihwa chete nemuiti, mugadziri anofanira kuverengerwa chikamu ichi chebvunzo.

Mhedziso

Mukupedzisa, kugadzira bhatiri rakachengeteka, kunze kwekusarudzwa kwezvinhu pachazvo, iyo inotevera dhizaini dhizaini uye inoshanda kuchengetedza dhizaini yakakosha zvakaenzana.Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yakasiyana-siyana ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa kune zvigadzirwa, kana kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri dhizaini inogona kutariswa zvizere kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemisika dzakasiyana, nguva yekutungamira inogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya uye chigadzirwa chinogona kukurumidza kumusika.Pamusoro pekubatanidza mitemo, mirau uye zviyero zvenyika dzakasiyana uye matunhu, zvinodikanwa zvakare kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvichibva pakushandiswa chaiko kwemabhatiri muzvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira.